Optimal controller placement in modal control of complex systems

Within the framework of modal control of large systems, a simple approach is advanced for the determination of optimal control configuration under an energy constraint, i.e., optimal locations of a limited number of controllers such that the total energy requirement for control is minimized. It is shown that the resulting design criterion is a simple function of projections of the control matrix onto components of eigenvectors associated with the affected eigenvalues. Furthermore, it is applicable to both single-input and multi-input systems. Systems possessing distinct complex eigenvalues are considered but the approach is equally applicable to other types of systems. Examples show that the minimum-energy control configuration also tends to be the most effective in terms of accomplishing control objectives.     

An analysis of modulated molecular beam mass spectrometry applied to coupled diffusion and chemical reaction

An analysis of modulated molecular beam mass spectrometry applied to linear systems, developed previously [H.-C. Chang and W.H. Weinberg, J. Chem. Phys. 66 (1977)], has been extended to include the important case of coupled mass transfer and chemical reaction. Three different cases have been considered explicitly, namely, (1) bulk diffusion and surface reaction, (2) bulk diffusion and bulk reaction, and (3) surface diffusion with reaction in a surface boundary zone. The possibility of the occurrence of stable chemical oscillations has been demonstrated for the case of bulk diffusion and surface reaction.     

Semi-empirical corrections to the mixing coefficients for the diatomics-in-molecules method

The diatomics-in-molecules (DIM) method requires information about the wavefunction (i.e. mixing coefficients) and the energy of various states of diatomic fragments. We show here that, if the diatomic energy is obtained from experiment, then it is also important to correct the mixing coefficients by making use of experimental atomic state energies. This point is illustrated by application to the OH⁺(³Σ^?) state manifold.     

Ground state condensate fraction of liquid 4He

An optimal Jastrow correlation function with intermediate- and long-range structure gives a larger condensate fraction at equilibrium density than a simple short-range correlation function. The condensate fraction is also sensitive to the potentials used in the calculation.     

Design and performance of millimeter-wave end-coupled bandpass filters

The design and performance of millimeter-wave microstrip/suspended-stripline end-coupled bandpass filters are presented. Filters in Ka-band (26.5 to 40 GHz) and W-band (75 to 110 GHz) using suspended-stripline and microstrip have been designed. Good agreement between the experimental results and those predicted theoretically was observed. Measured passband insertion losses of less than 1 and 0.5 dB have been achieved in W- and Ka-band, respectively. An extremely wideband waveguide-to-microstrip transition with an insertion loss of 0.25 dB over the full W-band is also presented.     

Indo-Mo Model with s·p Separation

A newly developed self-consistent-field molecular orbital theory is described and tested. The intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) approximation is used, and all interaction integrals are differentiated according to their dependence upon 2s and 2p AO's. The bonding parameter β_l is reformulated so that the model is calibrated to only one specific molecular property, namely, the ionization energy of Hi. We expect that this model will not be biased toward any special families of molecules.     

Spectral distribution methods in effective interaction theory

Spectral distribution methods are used to suggest alternative forms for effective interaction calculation. Using the configuration centroid operator as the unperturbed Hamiltonian is found to yield a residual interaction with minimal Euclidean norm. If the effective interaction is expanded in terms of orthogonal polynomials appropriate to the configuration density, the leading term is more meaningful than those in existing series. Using the same technique of orthogonal polynomial expansion, the calculation of diagonal matrix elements of higher order terms in the perturbation expansions reduces to an evaluation of traces which are more easily calculable. Convergence of both polynomial expansions is tied to the convergence of the spectral density to normal form which itself is governed by a strong principle, the central limit theorem.     

Electronic structure of GaSbAlSb superlattices

We present optical absorption experiments performed at low temperature in very high quality GaSbAlSb superlattices grown by MBE. The absorption spectra exhibit pronounced exciton peaks separated by absorption plateaus. The data are interpreted within an effective mass theory, taking into account the effect of strains induced by the 0.65 % lattice mismatch of the hosts. From the number of observed transitions, we can determine quite accurately the band offsets in this system. The crossover of the quantized states originating from the Λ and L minima of the GaSb conduction band is also discussed.