全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7503篇 |
免费 | 1543篇 |
国内免费 | 947篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5442篇 |
晶体学 | 172篇 |
力学 | 502篇 |
综合类 | 112篇 |
数学 | 697篇 |
物理学 | 3068篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 38篇 |
2023年 | 187篇 |
2022年 | 320篇 |
2021年 | 347篇 |
2020年 | 460篇 |
2019年 | 395篇 |
2018年 | 339篇 |
2017年 | 323篇 |
2016年 | 479篇 |
2015年 | 527篇 |
2014年 | 563篇 |
2013年 | 703篇 |
2012年 | 746篇 |
2011年 | 736篇 |
2010年 | 514篇 |
2009年 | 431篇 |
2008年 | 446篇 |
2007年 | 398篇 |
2006年 | 313篇 |
2005年 | 304篇 |
2004年 | 230篇 |
2003年 | 188篇 |
2002年 | 195篇 |
2001年 | 151篇 |
2000年 | 86篇 |
1999年 | 75篇 |
1998年 | 58篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 18篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 26篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 15篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 19篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有9993条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Huang HC Lee JF Chao HP Yeh PW Yang YF Liao WL 《Journal of colloid and interface science》2005,286(1):127-133
The influence of natural organic matter (NOM) constituents on contaminant distribution coefficients was evaluated by determining the Koc values of aromatic and aliphatic organic compounds (solutes) with clays modified with both aromatic- and aliphatic-rich organic constituents. The studied compounds consisted of naphthalene, phenanthrene, n-pentane, and 2,3,4-trimethylmethane; the solid samples comprised two clays with little organic content, kaolinite and Ca-montmorillonite. Two aliphatic surfactants and three aromatic dyes, sorbed to the clays, served as reference NOM constituents. For solutes of comparable water solubilities, the organic-carbon normalized distribution coefficients (Koc) of the aliphatic solutes between sorbed aliphatic organic matter and aqueous solution slightly exceed those of the aromatic solutes. By contrast, the aromatic solutes exhibited higher Koc values than did the aliphatic compounds with sorbed aromatic-rich organic matter. The difference in Koc values could be attributed to either comparable solubility parameters or the difference in the chemical structure between nonionic organic solutes and specific components of the simulated NOM. The much higher Koc values observed for the aromatic solutes indicate that the NOM composition is a major factor determining the NOC environmental distribution. 相似文献
72.
Jian Yan Xiang‐Ming Zhang Zhong‐Rong Li Lin Zhou Jian‐Chao Chen Li‐Rong Sun Ming‐Hua Qiu 《Helvetica chimica acta》2005,88(2):240-244
Three new triterpenoids, (3β,8β,14α,21α)‐26,27‐dinoronocerane‐3,8,14,21‐tetrol ( 1 ), (3β,8β,14α,21β)‐26,27‐dinoronocerane‐3,8,14,21‐tetrol ( 2 ), and lycopodiin A ( 3 ), together with four known compounds, lycoclavanol ( 4 ), lycoclaninol ( 5 ), α‐onocerin ( 6 ), and 3‐epilycoclavanol ( 7 ), were isolated from Lycopodium japonicum Thunb (Lycopodiaceae). Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 3 and 7 showed moderate antitumor activity. Compounds 4 and 6 exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. 相似文献
73.
We have derived a new multipolar expansion for intermolecular potential-energy functions with applications in molecular physics, theoretical chemistry, and mathematical physics. The new formulation employs a separation of radial and angular terms with a simple index structure that leads to computational efficiency and ease of physical interpretation. For the case of the Coulomb interaction, we compare the present formulation with two conventional multipole expansions: the Cartesian tensor and the irreducible spherical tensor expansions. The new formalism leads to efficient numerical algorithms that are useful for general applications beyond intermolecular potentials. In addition to the electrostatic Coulomb interaction, we illustrate the formalism with applications to special function theory and a bipolar expansion involved in potential theory. 相似文献
74.
Jun Liu Kelton A. Schleyer Tyrel L. Bryan Changjian Xie Gustavo Seabra Yongmei Xu Arjun Kafle Chao Cui Ying Wang Kunlun Yin Benjamin Fetrow Paul K. P. Henderson Peter Z. Fatland Jian Liu Chenglong Li Hua Guo Lina Cui 《Chemical science》2021,12(1):239
Heparanase (HPA) is a critical enzyme involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and its elevated expression has been linked with diseases such as various types of cancer and inflammation. The detection of heparanase enzymatic activity holds tremendous value in the study of the cellular microenvironment, and search of molecular therapeutics targeting heparanase, however, no structurally defined probes are available for the detection of heparanase activity. Here we present the development of the first ultrasensitive fluorogenic small-molecule probe for heparanase enzymatic activity via tuning the electronic effect of the substrate. The probe exhibits a 756-fold fluorescence turn-on response in the presence of human heparanase, allowing one-step detection of heparanase activity in real-time with a picomolar detection limit. The high sensitivity and robustness of the probe are exemplified in a high-throughput screening assay for heparanase inhibitors.Heparanase, a critical enzyme involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, activates a disaccharide probe HADP to give a strong fluorescence signal. 相似文献
75.
In this paper, pressurized CEC was used for the separation and determination of seven fluoroquinolones (FQs). The effect of different experimental conditions, such as the concentration and pH of the buffer, the organic modifier concentration, the surfactant and ion-paring agents added to the electrolyte, and applied voltage were studied. All the seven FQs were baseline separated using mobile phase containing 27% v/v ACN, 5 mmol/L Na2HPO4 buffer (pH 4.0 adjusted using citric acid), 11 mmol/L SDS, and 0.01% TEA v/v at detection wavelength of 287 nm and at an applied voltage of -10 kV. The calibration curves were linear (r>0.9991) over a concentration range of 1.0-50.0 mg/L for norfloxacin (NFLX); 2.5-50.0 mg/L for fleroxacin (FLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and lomefloxacin (LMX); and 5.0-50.0 mg/L for enoxacin (ENX), ofloxacin (OFLX), and gatifloxacin (GFLX). The detection limits (S/N = 3) for ENX, OFLX, FLX, NFLX, CPFX, LMX, and GFLX were 0.5, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The method is simple, rapid, and reproducible. It was successfully applied to the analysis of fish muscle samples spiked with FQs. Mean recoveries ranged from 81.6 to 97.6%. 相似文献
76.
George Odian Richard Henry Raymond Koenig D. Mangaraj Le Doan Trung Bou Chao Arif Derman 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1975,13(3):623-643
A theoretical analysis has been made of the graft polymerization process in terms of the quantitative interrelationship between the initiation rate Ri, the kp/kt1/ ratio of the monomer, the equilibrium solubility M of the monomer in the polymer, the polymer film thickness L, and the diffusivity D of the monomer in the polymer. It is shown how the values of these parameters in any grafting system interact to lead to diffusion-controlled graft polymerization. Whether graft polymerization is diffusion-free or diffusion-controlled depends on the values of Kp, d, kp/kp1/2, and L as gathered in the parameter A = [(Kp/kt1/2)Ri, D,/1/2] L/2. When the values of the various terms are such that A is less than 0.1 (i.e., D is large while Ri, kp, and L are small), the reaction is diffusion-free. When A is greater than 3 (i.e., D is small while Ri, kp, and L are large), the reaction is diffusion-controlled. The derived equations showing the relationship between kinetic and diffusional parameters are theoretically applicable to all grafting systems, i.e., for all monomer-polymer combinations under all conditions of reaction temperature, radiation intensity and polymer film thickness. The theoretical analysis has been verified for the rate and degree of polymerization for the radiation-induced graft polymerization of styrene to polyethylene. 相似文献
77.
High-resolution solid-state 29Si NMR has been applied to the study of partially exchanged Li, K, and Cs NaY zeolites. The order of the 29Si chemical shifts of dehydrated samples is Li, Na-Y < Na-Y < K, Na-Y. The correlation between the 29Si chemical shift and the Li or K loading on Li, Na-Y or K, Na-Y was rationalized in terms of the interaction between the framework and the cations inside the small cages. Because of the restrictive migration of large Cs+ ions from the supercages to the small cages, the 29Si chemical shift of Cs, Na-Y was found to be similar to that of Na-Y. 相似文献
78.
Hui Chao Yi-Xian Yuan Feng Zhou Liang-Nian Ji Jian Zhang 《Transition Metal Chemistry》2006,31(4):465-469
A novel dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex [(phen)2Ru(mbpibH2)Ru(phen)2]4+ [phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; mbpibH2 = 1,3-bis(1,10-phenanthroline[5,6-d]imidazol-2-yl)-benzene] has been synthesized and characterized. The DNA-binding behavior
of this complex has been studied by spectroscopic and viscosity measurements. Results suggest that the dinuclear ruthenium(II)
complex intercalates into DNA base pairs via its bridging moiety. It has also been found that the dinuclear ruthenium(II) complex displays the enantiopreferential DNA-binding
after equilibrium dialysis. 相似文献
79.
InitiationMechanismofPolymerizationofAcryl-amidebyCericIon/2-BenzoylAcetanilideSystemDONGJian-hua,DENGChao,QIUKun-yuanandFENG... 相似文献
80.
A homologous series of first-to third-generation dendritic polyamides 2a, 3, and 5 with tris(aminoethyl) amine (TREA) as the core and the protected amino functional groups at the periphery were synthesized
via active ester route from “Schlüter” type dendron 1a. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR and mass spectra. Based on the efficient synthesis of the first generation dendrimer 2a (yield 75%), the synthesis of second-generation dendrimer 3 was found to be more efficient via the convergent method (yield 69%), while the mixed strategy was applied efficiently for the synthesis of the higher generation
dendrimer 5 (yield 37%). The overall yield for the third generation dendrimer 5 from Schlüter dendron is 12%.
__________
Translated from Huaxue Tongbao (Chemistry), 2005, 68(12) (in Chinese) 相似文献