Geometry of the submanifolds of SEXn. I. The C-nonholonomic frame of reference

A connection which is both Einstein and semisymmetric is called an SE connection. A generalizedn-dimensional Riemannian manifold on which the differential geometric structure is imposed byg through an SE connection is called ann-dimensional SE manifold and denoted by SEX_n. This paper is the introductory part of a systematic study of the submanifolds of SEX_n. It introduces a new concept of the C-nonholonomic frame of references in SEX_n at points of its submanifold and deals with its consequences. The second part will deal with the generalized fundamental equations on an SE hypersubmanifold of SEX_n. The third part will be devoted to the theory of parallelism in SEX_n and in its submanifold. Finally, the last part will study the curvature theory in a submanifold of SEX_n.     

Nanoformulated Single-Stranded RNA-Based Adjuvant with a Coordinative Amphiphile as an Effective Stabilizer: Inducing Humoral Immune Response by Activation of Antigen-Presenting Cells

As agonists of TLR7/8, single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) are safe and promising adjuvants that do not cause off-target effects or innate immune overactivation. However, low stability prevents them from mounting sufficient immune responses. This study evaluates the adjuvant effects of ssRNA derived from the cricket paralysis virus intergenic region internal ribosome entry site, formulated as nanoparticles with a coordinative amphiphile, containing a zinc/dipicolylamine complex moiety as a coordinative phosphate binder, as a stabilizer for RNA-based adjuvants. The nanoformulated ssRNA adjuvant was resistant to enzymatic degradation in vitro and in vivo, and that with a coordinative amphiphile bearing an oleyl group ( CA-O ) was approximately 100 nm, promoted effective recognition, and improved activation of antigen-presenting cells, leading to better induction of neutralizing antibodies following single immunization. Hence, CA-O may increase the efficacy of ssRNA-based adjuvants, proving useful to meet the urgent need for vaccines during pathogen outbreaks.     

EuBO3的低温水热合成及光谱可调性质研究

采用低温水热法合成了稀土硼酸盐EuBO3的纯相样品.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和荧光光谱仪(PL)对样品的结构、形貌、价态及发光性质进行了研究.结果表明,该样品属六方晶系,在不同的矿化剂和碱度下呈现不同的自组装形貌.当以NaOH或NH3.H2O为矿化剂时,该样品分别沿着(100)和(002)晶面生长.因为Eu离子以混合价态形式存在,样品表现出光谱可调性,当激发波长为270～360 nm时,样品荧光由红色转为橙色,经粉紫光变为蓝光.     

Microarray of DNA–protein complexes on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate surface for pathogen detection

A novel strategy was developed for the specific immobilization of DNA probes on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) surface by using the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of PHB depolymerase as an active binding motif. To demonstrate whether this method can be used for the detection of clinical pathogens, the pathogen-specific biotin-labeled DNA probes were immobilized via core streptavidin (cSA) fused to the SBD. The pathogen-specific 15-mer oligonucleotide probes were designed for four model pathogens, while the target DNAs were prepared by PCR using universal primers. The complex of pathogen-specific probes and cSA-SBD fusion protein was immobilized on the PHB-coated slide by microspotting. This DNA–protein complex microarray was able to successfully diagnose Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, the specific pathogens could be diagnosed in the presence of other microorganisms. Thus, the DNA–protein complex microarray platform technology employing PHB and the SBD reported here can be widely used for the detection of DNA–DNA and DNA–biomolecule interactions without synthetic or chemical modification of biomolecules or solid surface.     

Derivation of tunneling probabilities for arbitrarily graded potential barriers using modified Airy functions

General expressions of tunneling probability for arbitrarily graded potential barriers are rigorously derived using the modified Airy functions. Three types of graded potential barriers for which exact solutions exist are taken as examples for comparison’s purpose. Results obtained by the proposed method are confirmed to be in fairly good agreement with exact ones, demonstrating the usefulness of the modified Airy functions method.     

近紫外激发Sm3+与Sr2+,Ba2+,Bi3+共掺杂的La1/3NbO3的发光性质

通过高温固相反应合成了La1/3NbO3∶Sm3+荧光粉.样品的荧光光谱表明,La1/3NbO3∶Sm3+荧光粉最强的激发带在406 nm,对应于Sm3+的6H5/2→4K11/2跃迁,属于近紫外区(365～410 nm).当激发波长为406nm时,样品的最强发射峰位于596 nm,是由Sm3+的4G5/2→6H7/2跃迁而产生的.因此,La1/3NbO3∶Sm3+可以作为基于近紫外激发的白光发光二极管(LED)的红光材料.而且,La位共掺杂Sr2+,Ba2+和Bi3+使样品的荧光强度大大增加,在最佳掺杂浓度时的量子产率分别为5.4%,7.5%和5.3%.     

全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOFMS)用于烟叶中挥发、半挥发性碱性化合物的组成研究

建立了烟叶中挥发性、半挥发性碱性化合物组成研究的全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC/TOFMS)分析方法, 并用所建立的方法对香料烟中碱性化合物进行了表征. 对比了一维气相色谱和全二维色谱方法用于烟叶碱性组分组成分析的效果. 一维色谱质谱方法共鉴定出45种碱性化合物. 用所建立的全二维气相色谱方法, 采用TOFMS谱图库检索结合全二维特有的包含结构信息的二维谱图, 通过族分离和结构谱图鉴定, 鉴定出了香料烟中挥发性、半挥发性碱性组分共92种. 包括吡咯类化合物6种, 吡啶类化合物39种, 吡嗪类化合物10种, 苯胺类化合物11种, 喹啉类化合物11种, 吲哚类4种和其他类化合物11种. 同时对不同类别的化合物在二维气相色谱上的分布模式进行了研究. 研究结果表明, 全二维色谱飞行时间质谱的高分辨率和特有的定性手段适合于烟叶这类复杂植物体系的化学组成研究.     

钙钛矿型锰氧化物La1-x-yCaxKyMnO3系列样品的介电性质

应用水热氧化还原反应制备的La1-x-yCaxKyMnO3系列样品具有ABO3型钙钛矿结构,并且在A位同时拥有La3+,Ca2+和K+三种不同价态的阳离子。将La1-x-yCaxKyMnO3系列样品研磨压片,经烧结制成平行板电容器,在室温条件下,测试样品的电容、介电损耗和电阻随频率的变化。我们结合样品组成引起的A位离子失配度的变化,给出了La1-x-yCaxKyMnO3系列样品介电常数实部随A位离子变化的规律;对比样品电阻随频率变化的理论值和计算值说明样品内部属于电阻电容并联电路。     

Reciprocated suppression of polymer crystallization toward improved solid polymer electrolytes: Higher ion conductivity and tunable mechanical properties

Solid polymer electrolytes based on lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide and polymer matrix were extensively studied in the past due to their excellent potential in a broad range of energy related applications. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) are among the most examined polymer candidates as solid polymer electrolyte matrix. In this work, we study the effect of reciprocated suppression of polymer crystallization in PVDF/PEO binary matrix on ion transport and mechanical properties of the resultant solid polymer electrolytes. With electron and X‐ray diffractions as well as energy filtered transmission electron microscopy, we identify and examine the appropriate blending composition that is responsible for the diminishment of both PVDF and PEO crystallites. A three‐fold conductivity enhancement is achieved along with a highly tunable elastic modulus ranging from 20 to 200 MPa, which is expected to contribute toward future designs of solid polymer electrolytes with high room‐temperature ion conductivities and mechanical flexibility. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1450–1457     

脉冲激光沉积制备La0.62Ca0.29K0.09MnO3外延膜及其磁热性能

采用脉冲激光沉积法在单晶SrTiO3(STO)基底上制备了La0.62Ca0.29K0.09MnO3(LCKMO)薄膜,通过调控基底温度获得了平整致密的膜层.利用二维面探X射线衍射仪和高分辨透射电子显微镜对薄膜结构进行了表征.结果表明,薄膜呈高质量取向外延生长,对应关系为{001}LCKMO||{001}STO.对薄膜的磁热性能研究表明,5 T下最大磁熵变为3.45 J/(kg·K),相对制冷效率为379.5 J/kg,磁熵半峰宽为110 K.