Integrability on lightlike lines in six dimensional superspace

The on-shell constraint equations of extended supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories in six dimensions are shown to be integrability conditions for the superspace gauge potential on super-null-lines.     

Parrondo?s game using a discrete-time quantum walk

We present a new form of a Parrondo game using discrete-time quantum walk on a line. The two players A and B with different quantum coins operators, individually losing the game can develop a strategy to emerge as joint winners by using their coins alternatively, or in combination for each step of the quantum walk evolution. We also present a strategy for a player A (B) to have a winning probability more than player B (A). Significance of the game strategy in information theory and physical applications are also discussed.     

Modified corroles with one meso-free carbon: synthesis and characterization

[reaction: see text] Synthesis of mono meso-free modified corroles by a [3+1] methodology is reported.     

Core-modified hexaphyrins; characterization of two- and four-ring inverted 26 pi aromatic macrocycles

[reaction: see text] Synthesis and structural characterization of aromatic core-modified 26 pi hexaphyrin analogues are reported.     

Inverted porphyrins and expanded porphyrins: An overview

Porphyrins and metallopophyrins have attracted the attention of chemists for the past 100 years or more owing to their widespread involvement in biology. More recently, synthetic porphyrins and porphyrin-like macrocycles have attracted the attention of researchers due to their diverse applications as sensitizers for photodynamic therapy, MRI contrasting agents, and complexing agents for larger metal ions and also for their anion binding abilities. The number of π-electrons in the porphyrin ring can be increased either by increasing the numberof conjugated double bonds between the pyrrole rings or by increasing the number of heterocyclic rings. Thus, 22π sapphyrins, 26π rubyrins, 30π heptaphyrins, 34π octaphyrins and higher cyclic polypyrrole analogues containing 40π, 48π, 64π, 80π and 96π systems have recently been reported in the literature. These macrocycles show rich structural diversity where normal and different kinds of inverted structures have been identified. In this review, an attempt has been made to collect the literature of the inverted porphyrins and expanded porphyrins reported until December 2001. Since themeso aryl expanded porphyrins have tendency to form both inverted and non-inverted structures more emphasis has been given tomeso aryl expanded porphyrins.     

Spectral and electrochemical properties of deformed short-chain basket-handle iron (III) porphyrins

The spectral and electrochemical properties of series of deformed iron(III) derivatives of short-chain basket-handle porphyrins are reported. 1HNMR and optical studies demonstrated that deformation arises because of the bridging of opposite phenyl groups by short chains. Axial ligation studies indicate that the straps present over both sides of the porphyrin ring do not prevent the entry of small ligands. Electrochemistry in four different solvents suggests the stabilisation of Fe(II) and Fe(I) over Fe(III) in strong coordinating solvents.     

30pi aromatic meso-substituted heptaphyrin isomers: syntheses,characterization, and spectroscopic studies

The syntheses of new aromatic 30pi heptaphyrins either through a [5 + 2] or a [4 + 3] acid-catalyzed condensation and oxidative coupling reactions of easily available and air-stable precursors are reported. The methodology followed is not only simple and efficient but also allows synthesis of a range of heptaphyrins with different heteroatoms in the core. The oxidative coupling reactions of modified tripyrranes 11 and tetrapyrranes 12 were found to be dependent on the acid concentration used and as well as the substituents present on the meso position. The change of meso aryl substituents in 11 and 12 to meso mesityl substituents gave a new heptaphyrin 18. The structural characterization has been done with extensive 1H and 2D NMR studies. The heptaphyrins reported here show rich structural diversity when the connections of the heterocyclic rings are altered, and accordingly, one ring and two ring inversions have been observed. By a judicious choice of the precursors it has been possible to control the site of ring inversion either in the bithiophene unit or in the tripyrrane unit. Theoretical calculations performed on three different heptaphyrins, 4, 5, and 17, also reveal that the inverted structures are approximately 35-40 kJ lower in energy relative to the corresponding noninverted structures. Furthermore, one of the heptaphyrins 10c shows the presence of two conformers in solution in the ratio 1:2 and no interconversion between the conformers have been observed in the temperature range of 343-228 K. On protonation, the aromaticity and the ring inversions are retained and the deltadelta values vary in the range 10.07-20.59 ppm. The energies of the Soret maxima and the HOMO-LUMO gap vary linearly with the increase in pi electrons further justifying the aromatic nature of the heptaphyrins.     

A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Dronedarone Hydrochloride,an Antiarrhythmic Drug Substance

A novel and efficient synthesis of dronedarone hydrochloride starting from 2‐n‐butyl‐5‐nitrobenzofuran by employing mild and selective reaction conditions is described. The synthetic approach is operationally simple and suitable for industrial application.     

Nanoconjugate Synthesis of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and the Assessment of Its Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Properties

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, accountable for a total of 10 million deaths in the year 2020, according to GLOBOCAN 2020. The advancements in the field of cancer research indicate the need for direction towards the development of new drug candidates that are instrumental in a tumour-specific action. The pool of natural compounds proves to be a promising avenue for the discovery of groundbreaking cancer therapeutics. Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Rudraksha) is known to possess antioxidant properties and after a thorough review of literature, it was speculated to possess significant biomedical potential. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly approach intended to eliminate toxic waste and reduce energy consumption. This approach was reported for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from two different solvent extracts: aqueous and methanolic. These were characterized by biophysical and spectroscopic techniques, namely, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, EDX, DLS, SEM, and GC-MS. The results showed that the nanoconjugates were spherical in geometry. Further, the assessment of antibacterial, antifungal, and antiproliferative activities was conducted which yielded results that were qualitatively positive at the nanoscale. The nanoconjugates were also evaluated for their anticancer properties using a standard MTT Assay. The interactions between the phytochemicals (ligands) and selected cancer receptors were also visualized in silico using the PyRx tool for molecular docking.     

Iterative Arylation of Amino Acids and Aliphatic Amines via δ‐C(sp3)−H Activation: Experimental and Computational Exploration

Directed C?H functionalization has been realized as a complementary tool to the traditional approaches for a straightforward access of non‐proteinogenic amino acids; albeit such a process is restricted mostly up to the γ‐position. In the present work, we demonstrate the diverse (hetero)arylation of amino acids and analogous aliphatic amines selectively at the remote δ‐position by tuning the reactivity controlled by ligands. An organopalladium δ‐C(sp³)?H activated intermediate has been isolated and crystallographically characterized. Mechanistic investigations carried out experimentally in conjunction with computational studies shed light on the difference in the mechanistic picture depending on the substrate structure.