Über die Wechselwirkung zwischen Polyvinylchlorid und Weichmachern

Zusammenfassung Die in unserer 1. Mitteilung auf Grund rheologischer Untersuchungen ausgesprochene Vermutung, nach der die Wechselwirkung zwischen PVC und Weichmachern als Assoziation je einer Weichmachermolekel mit einer bestimmten Zahl von Vinylchlorid-Einheiten zu deuten ist, wird in der vorliegenden Mitteilung an Hand von tgδ-Messungen weiter ausgeführt. Im einzelnen wird gezeigt, da? bei allen untersuchten homologen Phthals?ureestern als PVC-Weichmacher die auf Theologischem Weg bestimmte charakteristische Konzentration von ca. 15 Mol% Phthals?ureester im Rahmen der experimentellen Genauigkeit identisch ist mit der auf dielektrischem Wege bestimmten kritischen Phthals?ureester-Konzentration. Letztere wird dabei definiert als die jeweils h?chste Konzentration an Weichmacher, bei der noch der gesamte Weichmacher als Solvat gebunden ist und daher das sekund?re, den freien Weichmacher-Molekeln zugeh?rige tg δ-Maximum noch nicht in Erscheinung tritt. Benzoes?ureester als Weichmacher in PVC zeigen eine dielektrisch bestimmte kritische Konzentration von 20 Mol%, w?hrend bei Benzophenon und wahrscheinlich auch Azetophenon dieselbe bei 15 Mol% liegt. Die früher zun?chst nur an Phthals?ureestern gemachte Beobachtung, da? homologe Verbindungen als Weichmacher im PVC die gleiche kritische Konzentration zeigen, wird damit auch auf diese Verbindungen erweitert. Die genannten Ergebnisse werden so gedeutet, da? die kritische Weichmacher-Konzentration einer vollst?ndigen Solvatation des Polymeren und damit der Zusammensetzung des Solvates entspricht. Ein Molekül Benzoes?ureester als Weichmacher vermag demnach 4 PVC-Grundeinheiten assoziativ zu binden, w?hrend Phthals?ureester und Benzophenon-Molekeln sich mit je 6 PVC-Grundeinheiten vereinigen k?nnen. Den Herren Dr. K. Andresen und Dr. F. Glander sei an dieser Stelle besonders gedankt für ihr stets wohlwollendes und f?rderndes Interesse, das sie sowohl diesen als auch den vorangegangenen Untersuchungen entgegenbrachten.     

Janoxepin and brevicompanine B: antiplasmodial metabolites from the fungus Aspergillus janus

Two compounds janoxepin (1) and brevicompanine B (2) were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus janus and the structures elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic methods and mass spectrometry. Janoxepin is a novel oxepin derivative with a rare d-leucine incorporated. Brevicompanine B has previously only been isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum. Both compounds were tested in antimicrobial assays and found to be active against the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 (IC₅₀-values of 28 and 35 mg/ml, respectively). However, no activity was observed in antifungal or antibacterial assays.     

Palladium-catalyzed alpha-arylation of sulfoximines

[reaction: see text] Palladium-catalyzed alpha-arylation of N-benzoyl sulfoximine ethyl ester with various aryl bromides leads to alpha-arylated products that can easily be hydrolyzed, giving the corresponding N-protected benzyl phenyl sulfoximines. In this manner, new sulfoximine derivatives are accessible that have so far been difficult to prepare in enantiopure form.     

Muonic x-ray intensity measurements on a highT c superconductor

Muonic x-ray spectra from the high-T _c superconductor YBa₂Cu₃O_6.95 have been measured in the superconducting and normal states. No significant differences were found between the two spectra when comparing the intensities of 27 lines.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. J. Mang on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Reactivity of silyl-substituted heterobimetallic iron-platinum hydride complexes towards unsaturated molecules: Part II. Insertion of trifluoropropyne and hexafluorobutyne into the platinum-hydride bond

Insertion of hexafluorobutyne into the Pt-H bond of the heterobimetallic complexes [(OC)₃Fe{Si(OMe)₃}(μ-Ph₂PXPPh₂)Pt(H)(PPh₃)] (1a X = CH₂; 1b X = NH) yields the σ-alkenyl complexes [(OC)₃Fe{μ-Si(OMe)₂(OMe)}(μ-Ph₂PXPPh₂)Pt{C(CF₃)C(H)CF₃}] (3a X = CH₂; 3b X = NH). This insertion reaction is accompanied by dissociation of the platinum bound PPh₃ ligand and saturation of the vacant coordination site by a dative μ−η²-Si-O → Pt interaction. Addition of the Pt-H bond of 1a across the triple bond of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne affords in a regiospecific manner [(OC)₃Fe{μ-Si(OMe)₂(OMe)}(μ-dppm)Pt{C(CF₃)CH₂}] (2) having the trifluoromethyl substituent on the α-carbon. Addition of RNC to 3 affords the isocyanide adducts [(OC)₃Fe{Si(OMe)₃}(μ-Ph₂PXPPh₂)Pt(CNR){C(CF₃)C(H)CF₃}] (4a R = t-Bu, X = CH₂; 4b R = 2,6-xylyl, X = CH₂; 4c R = 2,6-xylyl, X = NH). In dichloromethane solution 3a is gradually transformed into the C₄F₆-bridged compound [(OC)₃Fe(μ-dppm)(μ-CF₃CCCF₃)Pt(CO)] 5. The Pt-bound carbonyl ligand of 5 is displaced by xylylisocyanide or trimethylphosphite affording the derivatives [(OC)₃Fe(μ-dppm)(μ-CF₃CCCF₃)Pt(CNxylyl)] 6 and [(OC)₃Fe(μ-dppm)(μ-CF₃CCCF₃)Pt{P(OMe)₃}] 7. The molecular structures of 4a, 5 and 6 have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies.     

Synthesis and use of alpha-silyl-substituted alpha-hydroxyacetic acids

[reaction: see text] Rhodium-catalyzed oxygen transfer was used to generate benzyl 2-silyl-2-oxoacetates in good yields. The hydrogenation of these compounds led to chiral alpha-silyl-substituted alpha-hydroxyacetic acids. Resolution by means of HPLC using a chiral stationary phase afforded an enantiomerically pure representative of this class of compounds, which was successfully applied as a chiral ligand in an asymmetric aldol-type reaction.     

Synthesis,spectral, thermal and structural characterization of {[Cu(H2O)3][Cu(MAL)2] · 2H2O}∞ and [Cu(MAL)(TEA)] · H2O (MAL = malonate and TEA = triethanolamine)

A polymeric malonato-bridged copper(II) complex, {[Cu(H₂O)₃][Cu(MAL)₂]· 2H₂O}, and a mononuclear malonato-copper(II) complex with triethanolamine, [Cu(MAL)(TEA)]·H₂O, have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, i.r., u.v.–vis, magnetic measurements and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The polymeric complex consists of one-dimensional chains containing the MAL bridged [Cu(H₂O)₃]²⁺ and [Cu(MAL)₂]^2– ions and each MAL ligand simultaneously exhibits chelating bidentate (at one copper atom) and bridging (at the adjacent copper atom) coordination modes. The intrachain Cu1...Cu2 separation is 4.963 Å and the polymeric complex exhibits antiferromagnetic behaviour. In the mononuclear complex, the copper(II) ion is octahedrally coordinated by one bidentate MAL and one tetradentate neutral TEA ligands. The i.r. spectra and thermal decompositions of both complexes are described.