Yttrium-86 Is a Positron Emitting Surrogate of Gadolinium for Noninvasive Quantification of Whole-Body Distribution of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are used to provide diagnostic information in clinical magnetic resonance (MR) examinations. Gadolinium (Gd) has been detected in the brain, bone and skin of patients, months and years following GBCA administration, raising concerns about long term toxicity. Despite increased scrutiny, the concentration, chemical form and fate of the retained gadolinium species remain unknown. Importantly, the whole body biodistribution and organ clearance of GBCAs is poorly understood in humans. Gadolinium lacks suitable isotopes for nuclear imaging. We demonstrate that the yttrium-86 isotope can be used as a gadolinium surrogate. We show that Gd and their analogous Y complexes have similar properties both in solution and in vivo, and that yttrium-86 PET can be used to track the biodistribution of GBCAs over a two-day period.     

pH-Dependent Hydration Change in a Gd-Based MRI Contrast Agent with a Phosphonated Ligand

The heptadentate ligand L was shown to form an extremely stable Gd complex at neutral pH with a pGd value of 18.4 at pH 7.4. The X-ray crystal structures of the complexes formed with Gd and Tb displayed two very different coordination behaviors being, respectively, octa- and nonacoordinated. The relaxometric properties of the Gd complex were studied by field-dependent relaxivity measurements at various temperatures and by ¹⁷O NMR spectroscopy. The pH-dependence of the longitudinal relaxivity profile indicated large changes around neutral pH leading to a very large value of 10.1 mm ⁻¹⋅s⁻¹ (60 MHz, 298 K) at pH 4.7. The changes were attributed to an increase of the hydration number from one water molecule in basic conditions to two at acidic pH. A similar trend was observed for the luminescence of the Eu complex, confirming the change in hydration state. DOSY experiments were performed on the Lu analogue, pointing to the absence of dimers in solution in the considered pH range. A breathing mode of the complex was postulated, which was further supported by ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy of the Yb complex at varying pH and was finally modeled by DFT calculations.     

Radioactivity characterization of 125I brachytherapy seeds used in prostate cancer treatment

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - A procedure for characterizing the activity amount of 125I seed was developed in order to establish a secondary standard activity measurement...     

A preliminary assessment of the provenance of ancient pottery through instrumental neutron activation analysis at the Monte Castelo site,Rondônia,Brazil

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - This research aims to contribute to the discussion of ceramic objects found at the Monte Castelo shellmound, an archaeological site located at...     

DTA/TGA/DSC and densification data for iron phosphate glasses having natural UO2.67 or surrogate Bi2O3 added

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - A new set of iron-uranium phosphate glasses containing (1–20) UO2.67. (10–20) Fe2O3. (55–68) P2O5 (mass/%) were melted adequately....     

Nucleobases,Nucleosides and Nucleotides Determination in Yeasts Isolated from Extreme Environments

Chromatographia - Nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides can act as chemical markers and immunnostimulants. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and...     

Understanding Chemical Reactivity in Extended Systems:Exploring Models of Chemical Softness in Carbon Nanotubes

Chemical reactivity towards electron transfer is captured by the Fukui function.However,this is not well defined when the system or its ions have degenerate or pseudo-degenerate ground states.In such a case,the first-order chemical response is not independent of the perturbation and the correct response has to be computed using the mathematical formalism of perturbation theory for degenerate states.Spatialpseudo-degeneracy is ubiquitous in nanostructures with high symmetry and totally extended systems.Given the size of these systems,using degenerate-state perturbation theory is impractical because it requires the calculation of many excited states.Here we present an alternative to compute the chemical response of extended systems using models of local softness in terms of the local density of states.The local softness is approximately equal to the density of states at the Fermi level.However,such approximation leaves out the contribution of inner states.In order to include and weight the contribution of the states around the Fermi level,a model inspired by the long-range behavior of the local softness is presented.Single wall capped carbon nanotubes(SWCCNT) illustrate the limitation of the frontier orbital theory in extended systems.Thus,we have used a C360 SWCCNT to test the proposed model and how it compares with available models based on the local density of states.Interestingly,a simple Hü ckel approximation captures the main features of chemical response of these systems.Our results suggest that density-of-states models of the softness along simple tight binding Hamiltonians could be used to explore the chemical reactivity of more complex system,such a surfaces and nanoparticles.     

Suberitane sesterterpenoids from the Antarctic sponge Phorbas areolatus (Thiele, 1905)

Following ecological and chemical screenings, the Antarctic sponge Phorbas areolatus was chemically investigated for the first time. Three new suberitane derivatives named isosuberitenone B, 19-episuberitenone B, and isoxaspirosuberitenone were identified together with the known compounds suberitenones A and B, and oxaspirosuberitenone after a thorough inspection of their NMR data. These compounds were found to exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity and their presence in this sponge rules out their use as a chemotaxonomic marker for Suberites sponges.