纳米吸波材料的研究现状与展望

综合评述了纳米吸波材料的特性及吸波原理，详细介绍了纳米金属与合金吸波材料、纳米陶瓷吸波材料、纳米氧化物吸波材料、纳米复合吸波材料及过渡金属硫化物纳米吸波材料的研究现状及发展情况，并指出纳米复合吸波材料是21世纪吸波材料的发展趋势。     

炭化对沥青基活性炭纤维的结构和超级电容器性能影响

以450℃低温炭化的各向异性中间相沥青基炭纤维为原料,先通过KOH化学活化方法制备出活性炭纤维(ACFs),再对ACFs进行炭化改性,以提高ACFs的导电率,系统地研究了炭化温度对ACFs微观形貌、结晶度、孔结构和超级电容器性能的影响。结果显示:经过1 200℃炭化处理的ACFs(ACFs~(-1)200)电极具有优异的电化学性能,在0.1 A·g~(-1)电流密度下比容量高达204 F·g~(-1),1 000次循环后电容保持率达到97.0%;且电流增至20 A·g~(-1)时依然具有高比容量(149 F·g~(-1)),表明ACFs~(-1)200电极相比于未炭化的ACFs,其导电率、大电流密度下的比容量、循环保持率均显著提高。     

瓜环增强过渡金属离子催化氧化抗坏血酸

考察了五、六、七及八元瓜环对抗坏血酸氧化的催化性能。动力学研究表明瓜环作为一种助催化剂,能有效地提高了过渡金属离子催化氧化抗坏血酸的反应速率;电动势测量结果揭示了瓜环不同程度的增强了Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的氧化能力。     

Quantitative Analysis of Berberine in Processed Coptis by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

The near-infrared（NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to study the content of Berberine in the processed Coptis. The allocated proportions of Coptis to ginger, yellow liquor or Evodia rutaecarpa changed according to the results of orthogonal design as well as the temperature. For as withdrawing the full and effective information from the spectral data as possible, the spectral data was preprocessed through first derivative and multiplicative scatter correetion（MSC） according to the optimization results of different preprocessing methods. Firstly, the model was established by partial least squares（PLS）; the coefficient of determination（R2） of the prediction was 0.839, the root mean squared error of prediction（RMSEP） was 0.1422, and the mean relative error（RME） was 0.0276. Secondly, for reducing the dimension and removing noise, the spectral variables were highly effectively compressed via the wavelet transformation（WT） technology and the Haar wavelet was selected to decompose the spectral signals. After the wavelet coefficients from WT were input into the artificial neural network（ANN） instead of the spectra signal, the quantitative analysis model of Berberine in processed Coptis was established. The R^2 of the model was 0.9153, the RMSEP was 0.0444, and the RME was 0.0091. The values of appraisal index, namely R^2, RMSECV, and RME, indicate that the generalization ability and prediction precision of ANN are superior to those of PLS. The overall results show that NIR spectroscopy combined with ANN can be efficiently utilized for the rapid and accurate analysis of routine chemical compositions in Coptis. Accordingly, the result can provide technical support for the further analysis of Berberine and other components in processed Coptis. Simultaneously, the research can also offer the foundation of quantitative analysis of other NIR application.     

导热膨胀石墨/聚醚酰亚胺复合材料的制备与性能

利用膨胀石墨(EG)经高温处理后比表面积大的特点, 以膨胀石墨作为导热填料, 通过球磨和热模压方法制备了膨胀石墨/聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)导热复合材料, 并对其加工过程、 微观形貌、 热性能和导热性能进行了研究. 结果表明, 球磨处理可以打破膨胀石墨的“泡沫”状态并减少石墨纳米片间的间隙, 热压可以诱使和促进石墨纳米片沿着水平方向排列和取向, 从而显著提升了复合材料的平面内导热性能. 当膨胀石墨在复合材料中的质量分数为20%时, EG/PEI复合材料的面内导热系数为2.38 W?m^?1?K^?1. 与PEI相比, 复合材料导热系数的增幅约为12倍. 所制备的EG/PEI复合材料均具有良好的散热能力、 较好的热稳定性和较高的储能模量, 是一种综合性能优异的导热材料.     

Rovibrational Formation of Ultracold Nail Molecules Induced by an Ultrashort Laser Pulse

The formation of the Nail molecule from unaligned ultracoM atoms via photoassociation （PA） is theoretically investigated by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation including the vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom. The PA processes via one- and two-photon excitations are described. The calculated results show that the associated molecule can be prepared to a desired rovibrational state of the ground electronic state for Nail. Compared with the one-pfloton association probability, the two-photon association probability is obviously enhanced.     

合成方法对BICUVOX.10膜在中低温条件下透氧性能的影响

BICUVOX.10(Bi2V0.9Cu0.1O5.35)粉体和膜片采用固态反应法(SSR)和EDTA-柠檬酸联合络合法(EC)制备,并使用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、氧气渗透测试和电化学阻抗谱方法对材料的件能进行了对比表征和测试.XRD和SEM结果表明,采用EC法更容易制备纯相的BICUVOX.10粉体,但是膜片的稳定性较SSR法制备的差.在不引起电压波动的前提下,采用SSR方法和EC方法制备的膜片上能加载的最大电流分别为1.6和1.2A/cm2,对应的400℃条件下透氧量分别为4.5和3.9ml/(min cm2).膜片的微结构如粒径等对透氧性能和电导性能影响很大.     

银纳米片的研究进展

金属纳米材料具有不同于宏观块体材料的特殊性质. 在银纳米结构中, 银纳米片因其独特的形貌依赖光学性质备受关注, 该特性已在离子检测、分子染色、表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)、表面荧光增强、生物医学等领域显示了重要应用价值. 本文从银纳米片的制备方法入手, 首先综述了银纳米片的各种制备方法以及实验条件(如光照的波长、表面活性剂种类、还原剂种类)对产物形貌的影响. 其次介绍了银纳米片的奇特光学性质, 总结了银纳米片的几种重要生长机制, 最后介绍了银纳米片的应用价值, 并对银纳米片的研究前景做了展望.     

基质固相分散高效液相色谱法检测河豚毒素

建立了河豚鱼肉中河豚毒素的基质固相分散萃取的提取方法,并采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器进行测定。通过样品前处理的优化,确立选取0.5g样品与2.0g阳离子交换(SCX)吸附剂混合研磨,并采用10mL 5%氨水:甲醇溶液(5:95,V/V)作为洗脱剂。经HPLC-PDA检测,结果表明,河豚毒素在1—100mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9990),检出限为3.8ng,定量下限为12.7ng;加标回收率为77.9%—108.1%,RSD为2.23%—5.45%。该方法操作简单、耗时少,符合河豚毒素分析检测的要求。     

空调室外机钣金结构辐射噪声分析与优化

针对空调室外机背面位置处在压缩机5280 r/min转速下的出现两倍频(176 Hz)噪声峰值异常高的问题,基于双转子压缩机工作原理,计算双转子压缩机吸排气过程的两倍频转动力矩;建立空调室外机整机有限元模型,施加两倍频转动力矩,应用模态线性叠加法计算整机的频率响应,经过模态测试确定在176 Hz附近整机钣金存在共振,导...