以混合价镍氢氧化物为镍源固气合成LiNi0.7Co0.25Al0.05O2

层状LiCoO2作为锂离子二次电池电极正极材料已得到广泛应用。由于钴资源匮乏及成本高,致使进一步提高比容量和比能量以及降低成本的研究引起关注。诸如LiCoO2体材中钴被M(N i,Mn,Ti,Mg)替代或部分被替代的研究[1-3],表面修饰研究[4-6],合成方法研究如固相法[7],溶胶凝胶法[8],共沉淀法[9],微波加热合成法[10]等。与钴相比,镍资源相对丰富且对环境友好,故以镍代钴合成LiCo1-xN ixO2的研究成为热点[11-13]。由于N i2 难以被氧化成N i3 致使合成时易生成非化学计量化合物,加之在充放电过程中,由于Li 离子与N i3 离子半径相近易产生阳离…     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a New Cadmium(Ⅱ) Complex Bridged by Endo-norbornene-cis-5,6-dicarboxylic Acid

A polynuclear complex [Cd(endc)(H2O)]n·nH2O (endc = endo-norbomene-cis5,6-dicarboxylate anion) has been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate with endo-norbomene-cis-5,6-dicarboxylic acid in 1:1 molar ratio,and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P21/c with a = 1.16471(7),b = 0.95334(7),c = 0.91109(9) nm,Z = 4,V= 1.01035(14)nm3,Dc.= 2.160 g/cm3,μ= 2.172 mm-1,F(000) = 648,R =0.0302 and wR = 0.0752.According to structural analysis,each Cd(Ⅱ) ion is coordinated to six O atoms from three endc anions and one water molecule,giving a distorted octahedral geometry.Two- dimensional layer arrangement of the title complex is constructed from the bridging nature of endc.It is worth notice that adjacent two-dimensional layers are joined together to form a three-dimensional supramolecular framework via intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.     

Evolution of Er^3＋ Distribution in the Oxyfluoride Glass Ceramics with Heating

The distribution characteristics of Er3+ ions doped in the oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing LaF3 nanocrystals heat-treated at 650 ℃ for different durations were investigated. The results of the integral absorption cross-section analysis demonstrated that the partition fraction of Er3+ in LaF3 nanocrystals increases with prolonging of heating time. The anomalous phenomena of Er3+ emissions in the up-and the down-conversion fluorescence spectra are well explained based on the calculated results.     

A Novel Hybrid Solid Constructed from Tetramolybdate and Copper Complexes with Mixed Ligands: [{(Cu·phen)2(tp)}{(Cu·phen·H2O)2(tp)}{Mo4O14}]

A novel copper molybdate with mixed ligands, [{(Cu·phen)2(tp)}{(Cu·phen·H2O)2(tp)}{Mo4O14}] (phen=1,10-phenanthroline, tp=terephthalate) 1, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystal belongs to monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a=13.1711(7), b=19.6132(10), c=13.6910(7) (A), β=117.6870(10)°, V=3131.8(3)(A)3, Z=2, C64H44Cu4Mo4N8O24, Mr=1946.99, Dc=2.065 g/cm3, F(000)=1920, μ(MoKα) (A) 2.198 mm-1, R=0.0810 and wR=0.2012 for 4233 observed reflections (Ⅰ ＞ 2σ(Ⅰ)). The structural analysis indicates that the title compound contains a discrete tetramolybdate cluster decorated with copper complex fragments and tp ligands bridging the clusters into a wave-like layer. The hydrogen bonding between adjacent layers further extends the compound into a 3-D framework.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 2-Amino-4- chloro-5-（4-methylbenzyl）-6-methylpyrimidine

The title compound 2-amino-4-chloro-5-(4-methylbenzyl)-6-methylpyrimidine (C26H28Cl2N6, Mr = 495.44) has been synthesized and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 14.892(7), b = 6.129(3), c = 14.889(7) , β = 109.795(8)°, V = 1278.7(10) 3, Z = 2, F(000) = 520, Dc = 1.287 g/cm3, μ = 0.280 mm-1, the final R = 0.0577 and wR = 0.1589 for 1357 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). A total of 6091 reflections were collected, of which 2257 were independent (Rint = 0.033). The X-ray analysis reveals that the chlorine atom and methyl of the title compound are disordered.     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱法测定燃香烟气中9种大麻素类新精神活性物质

建立了同时测定燃香烟气中9种大麻素类新精神活性物质的气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析方法。样品在燃香烟气收集装置中经溶剂提取,浓缩离心后,采用HLB固相萃取小柱净化,毛细管色谱柱Agilent HP-5MS毛细管柱（30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm）分离,使用电子轰击电离（EI）源检测,SIM模式进行质谱监测,内标法对9种大麻素类化合物进行定量。结果表明,9种大麻素类化合物在27 min内完成分离分析,并在0.01～4.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数（r2）均不小于0.999 5,方法的检出限（LOD,S/N=3）和定量下限（LOQ,S/N=10）分别为0.003～0.06 mg/L和0.01～0.2 mg/L。在阴性样品中进行1、2和10倍定量下限的加标回收实验,9种大麻素类化合物的回收率为74.8%～114%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=6）为1.6%～9.1%。采用该方法对10种市售的燃香样品进行测定,均未检出大麻素类化合物。建立的方法操作简便,可快速对燃香烟气中大麻素类化合物进行定性和定量分析,且能满足发烟量大燃香的检测需求。该方法的建立为我国燃香中大麻素类...     

表层取样法结合气相色谱-串联质谱测定竹木砧板中19种防腐防霉剂残留

建立了表层取样/气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定竹木砧板中19种防腐防霉剂残留的方法。通过表层取样法制备样品后先进行酸化,然后利用乙酸乙酯-正己烷(2∶8,体积比)混合溶剂提取,经方法优化后无需进行衍生化反应及净化操作,采用多反应监测扫描(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配溶液外标法定量。结果表明,19种组分在0.005～200.0μg/mL范围呈良好的线性关系(r²> 0.990),检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为0.001～0.17 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.003～0.55 mg/kg;在低、高2个不同加标水平下,19种目标物的回收率为65.8%～97.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为4.3%～13%。利用该方法对市售竹木砧板和一次性筷子样品进行检测,发现非定型包装竹木砧板中存在五氯酚残留量高的风险隐患,可为相关部门提供风险预警。     

氧化铈在生物分析与传感检测中的应用研究进展

铈是镧系元素中活性最高的一种稀土元素,氧化铈已广泛应用于抛光剂、脱色剂、催化剂、发光增强剂等领域。Ce3+/Ce4+之间自发的氧化还原循环可在氧化铈晶面上产生许多氧空位（V?）,加快反应中的电荷转移,使氧化铈具有很高的催化活性和储放氧能力。混合价态自发的氧化还原循环以及由此产生的氧空位对氧化铈的性质有着重大影响,使其表现出独特的抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤和模拟酶等生物医学活性,可用于多种疾病的诊疗。此外,氧化铈还可单独使用或与其他材料掺杂、复合来构建灵敏的传感材料,应用于多种物质的分析与检测,并已成为国内外研究的热点。该文首先阐明了氧化铈作为传感材料的理论基础,然后分别从电化学传感、比色传感、荧光传感和化学发光传感四个方面对国内外氧化铈传感检测领域的应用进展进行了归纳,最后对氧化铈传感器的研发现状进行总结并对未来发展进行了展望,为高性能传感器的研发提供了参考。     

基于分子识别的农药残留快速检测研究进展

为了提高农作物的产量和质量,农药的使用量逐年增加,导致土壤、水和农作物等的污染加剧,对环境和人类健康造成了严重的威胁。因此,对于农药残留进行快速、灵敏的检测至关重要。近年来,多种用于农药残留快速检测的技术和产品被开发。该综述对多种识别方式在农药检测中的进展进行了介绍,包括以蛋白质和适配体为代表的生物识别、以纳米材料和大环化合物为代表的非生物识别以及基于农药独特的光学性质和化学性质实现的直接识别。最后对农药残留的快速检测进行了展望,以期为农药的即时监测（POCT）提供研究思路和方向。     

氢气辅助的水中埋弧法制备小直径碳纳米管

用改进的石墨电弧放电方法制备了小直径、高质量的碳纳米管,以水为打弧介质,氢气为保护气体.该方法具有装置简单,电流小,无催化剂,制备出的多壁碳纳米管直径小于10 nm等优点.