Examination of Validity of Paraxial Approximation in Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy under Low Numerical Aperture

By using a vectorial approach, the validity of paraxial approximation in second harmonic generation （SHG） microscopy under low numerical aperture （NA） is examined when the sample is a collagen fibril. Due to the larger value of dzzz and tensorial nature of SHG, the component Ez of the focused fieM may have strong effect on the radiation pattern of SHG. Numerical results indicate that when the value of NA exceeds 0.3, the effect of Ez can not be neglected, which results in the invalidation of paraxial approximation in SHG microscopy despite the fact that SHG microscopy is still under low NA focusing.     

中学社区化学课程资源电子分布图的绘制及其使用

社区化学课程资源的开发和利用是课程改革中颇具特色的部分。本文整理出重庆市北碚区各社区存在的化学课程资源,并绘制出电子分布图,再进一步指出该电子分布图的使用方法及使用建议,为广大中学化学教师提供借鉴和参考。     

Li-birnessite型层状二氧化锰的合成及电化学性能

采用O2氧化法在碱性条件下氧化Mn2+,制备Li-birnessite型层状MnO2.X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、BET、热重等技术表征MnO2样品的性能.以放充电法测试Li-birnessite正极材料性能.结果表明,Li-birnessite结晶良好,层间距约为0.70 nm,呈球状或类球状.以Li-birnessite为正极材料的扣式电池在0.2 C(40 mA/g)条件下放电时容量高达203 mAh/g,且具有良好的倍率性能.     

可控溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米ZrO2

以ZrOCl2 · 8H2O和六次甲基四胺(C6H12N4)为原料,三嵌段聚合物Pluronic P123为分散剂,采用可控溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米ZrO2粉体.采用XRD、TEM和SEM表征所得粉体.结果表明:反应物配比和水浴温度决定了溶胶的凝胶化所需时间,凝胶化时间在5~1290 min内可调;热处理温度越高,纳米ZrO2粉体的粒径越大.热处理温度在450～800 ℃区间内,ZrO2粉体粒径变化范围为10~100 nm;分散剂P123能明显降低粉体的硬团聚程度.当c(ZrOCl2)=0.3 mol/L、n(ZrOCl2): n(C6H12N4)=1: 0.8、n(ZrOCl2): n(P123)=1: 0.714,水浴温度为40 ℃,热处理温度为550 ℃时,制得平均粒径为20 nm的纳米ZrO2粉体.所得纳米粉体具有良好的烧结活性.该方法在调整纳米ZrO2的凝胶化时间和粉体粒径方面具有可控性.     

Klein-Gordon方程初达值问题的一个新的守恒差分格式

本文对非线性Klein－Gordon（NKG）方程的初边值问题提出了一种新的差分格式,它保持了NKG方程初边值问题的能量守恒．证明了该格式的收敛性和稳定性．特别地,由于该格式是完全隐式的,故对求长时解有着重要的作用．数值计算结果表明该方法计算速度快,精度好．     

α-羟基-α-烷基苯乙酮引发MMA光聚合的研究

本文研究了两种α-羟基-α-烷基苯乙酮类的光敏引发剂(α-羟基-α,α-戊撑-苯乙嗣I^-184和α-羟基-α,α-二甲基-对-异丙基-苯乙酮D-1116)引发MMA光聚合的反应。结果表明,它们具有和安息香醚类相类似的效果,聚合速度R_p和引发剂浓度的0.4次方成正比,K_p/K_t^1/2值为0.054(I^-184)和0.053(D-1116),而溶剂极性的影响很小。这类光敏引发剂适用于引发丙烯酸酯类的光聚合反应,并具有色稳定性好的优点。     

ON THE EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN FOR THE PURE SUPER YANG-MILLS THEORY DERIVED FROM RENORMALIZATION GROUP CONSIDERATIONS

Further comments and analysis are made on the derivation of the effective Lagrangian for the N=1 pure super Yang-Mi11s theory from renormalization group considerations and on the implications of results obtained.     

CALCULATION OF THE NUCLEAR FISSION BY NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF F-P EQUATION

In this paper, the two-dimensional Fokker-Planck Equation is exactly solved by means of the numerical method. The velocity distribution at the saddle point, the second moments of the coordinate and velocity, and the time development of the nuclear fis-sion rate are studied. The maximum fission rate at a certain viscosity is exhibited by studying the dependence of the fission rate on the nuclear viscosity.     

克拉霉素酚性糖苷衍生物的合成

以克拉霉素为起始原料,经脱克拉定性糖、2′-OH选择性酰化和脱乙酰基反应得到2′-O-对羟基苯甲酰基-3-羟基-克拉霉素中间体,继续在相转移催化的条件下,通过酚羟基Koenigs-Knorr糖苷化反应,合成了克拉霉素2-氨基葡萄糖糖苷化衍生物、半乳糖苷化衍生物和葡萄糖苷化衍生物,总收率为50～60％.所有产物结构经NM...     

酞菁裂解法多壁碳纳米管的制备、表征和应用

In order to investigate the catalytic activity of high temperature treated CoPc toward oxygen reduction, and find the active site of the catalyst, using cobalt (Ⅱ) phthalocyanine (CoPc) as raw material, through thermal chemical vapor deposition method at 850℃ under a current of Ar/H2, two layer well-aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were made. The diameters of the well-aligned carbon nanotubes were distributed in the range of 60～120 nm and the length was about 40 μm. The Co particle with 10 nm in diameter was encapsulated in the CNTs compartment. The products were observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The well-aligned carbon nanotubes were characteriszed by Raman scattering spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The cyclic voltammetric measurement demonstrates that the CNTs have some effect to prevent the metal nanoparticle encapsulated from eroding rapidly. It is assumed that the small amount of the N element in the CNTs is very necessary for the bamboo-like morphology and the protected action for metal particles against dissolution in the acid medium. The radian of the winding wall should be affected by the amount of the N and the interaction between the N in the carbon network and the metal cluster. In addition, the CNTs greater electrochemically active surface area is a great advantage for any electrocatalytic application.