La_(0.8-x)Ca_(0.2)MnO_3纳米颗粒的居里温度与磁热效应

采用溶胶 凝胶法制备了系列La0 .8-xCa0 .2 MnO3 多晶样品 ,用X射线衍射分析确定了样品的钙钛矿结构 ,用透射电子显微镜观察了样品的形貌及粒径分布情况 ,用PAR15 5型振动样品磁强计测量了样品的磁性随外场和温度的变化 ,确定样品的居里温度并计算了各样品的磁熵变 .磁测量及计算结果表明制备的各样品的居里温度在180— 2 6 0K的范围内且随焙烧温度和La3 离子空位浓度的不同而变化 ,不同温度焙烧的样品均有较大的磁熵变值 ,其中 110 0℃焙烧的La0 77Ca0 .2 MnO3,多晶样品在 2 40 5K ,H =1 0T的外场下的磁熵变达 3 76J/kg·K ,对实验结果做了定性的分析 .该材料具有较高的居里温度和较大的磁熵变 ,所需外场强度适中 ,电阻率高 ,性能稳定 ,适合做高温磁制冷材料 .     

镍碳固溶体在范性形变过程中的位错内耗

在小型拉力试验机上测量了含有不同碳量的镍在范性形变过程中的低频内耗,观察到当含碳量在某一适当范围以内时,内耗-应变曲线上出现了一系列的峯值。研究了不同热处理条件、预先冷加工以及测量温度对于这种内耗现象的影响。初步认为这一系列峯值是由于位错气团在形变过程中的更迭形成和解脱所引起的。     

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDY ON Hg1-xCdxTe THIN FILM IMPLANTED WITH As ION

Photoluminescence spectra of a series of MBE-grown Hg_1-xCd_xTe samples with the same mole fraction of about x≈0.39 have been measured at different temperatures from 5 to 100 K. By aid of the temperature and exciting laser power dependence of photoluminescence peak energy and relative intensity, as well as of the comparison with other measurements, four main structures dominating in the photoluminescence spectra are attributed to band to band, D^oX, A^oX and D^oA^o transitions. A deep donor state level located at about 8.5meV below the bottom of the conduction band has been observed and is determined to be due to the arsenic-occupied mercury vacancies. Two acceptor levels located at about 14.5 meV and about 31.5 meV above the top of the valance band have also been found from the measuements, which are identified as the mercury vacancies and As in anion site, respectively.     

BP神经网络-FTIR方法测定苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物中单体含量

利用红外特征峰波数偏移值与单体含量间的非线性定量关系,BP人工神经网络-FTIR法在较宽的含量范围(10%-90%之间)之内,准确测定了苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物中丙烯酸丁酯单体含量,回收率在97.3%-101.8%之间.     

透明薄膜的干涉相干峰分离算法

白光干涉技术具有高度唯一性,广泛地被使用在三维表面形貌和台阶高度的测量。但是测量透明薄膜时,薄膜表面和基面都有光线反射与参考光线交汇,在被测表面的同一个位置不同高度两次产生干涉条纹,其干涉相干图中出现两个峰值。通过分析透明薄膜产生的干涉相干图的特点,提出了两种算法用来分离不同表面产生的干涉条纹。理论分析和试验结果表明,利用垂直扫描白光干涉法测量透明薄膜,由峰值分离算法和定位算法分别提取薄膜的上下表面,能够得到透明薄膜的高精度三维形貌和厚度信息。     

铝、铜、镍三元合金系中τ相的晶体结构变迁

A thorough investigation by means of X-rays has been carried out with the purpose to determine the nature of the ternary phase τ in Al-Cu-Ni alloys. In contrast with the conventional concept of alloy phase which is characterized by a definite type of crystal structure, systematic structure changes are found in the single phase field of τ which occupies quite an extensive area in the isothermal section of the phase diagram at room temperature. There are eight types of structures altogether, all derived from a basic rhombohedron with corners occupied by Al atoms and centres either occupied by the heavy atoms or remaining vacant. The basic rhombohedron is the building stone in the crystal architecture. By transforming the basic rhombohedron into a hexagonal prism in the usual way, all structures may be considered to be built up by stacking together a number of these hexagonal prisms along the triad. The transformation of one structure into another is quite systematic in the way that the number of the stacking stories in the unit cell increases according to the order 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. The atomic arrangements in the different structures are closely related too, in the respect that they are all superstructures due to the presence of ordered vacancies in the rhombohedral centres.The principal factor controlling the formation of these structures has been fully considered. In view of the fact that the change of structure types follows closely with the content of Ni or Cu for alloys of constant Al content, the atomic size factor appears to be unimportant in the formation of these alloys. It has been shown that for alloy phases of the defect lattice type as the r-phase, the most fundamental factor is the average number of valency electrons per structural unit which is the basic rhombohedron in the present case. By assuming Hume-Rothery's valencies, the average number of valency electrons remains remarkably constant throughout the entire phase field, while the electron concentration varies with compositions. It has also been pointed out that for alloy phases where there is no unit cell change, the average number of electrons per structural unit is equivalent to the number of electrons per unit cell, and for alloy phase where there is no defect, this is in effect equivalent to the electron concentration.     

面心立方体金属中间隙原子内耗理论

在面心立方体金属中间隙原子一般不发生内耗。只有在合金元素(杂质)或空穴周围的间隙原子才会发生微扩散的内耗。因为空穴或合金原子的存在破坏了邻近间隙位置的对称性,在这样位置上的间隙原子才有可能在往复应力作用下发生应力感生微扩散内耗。本文按以上所述两种情况,利用作者之一所作的内耗热力学理论作计算,发现由于合金原子存在而引起的内耗弛豫强度应该与x_A(1—x_A)·C成正比,x_A是合金原子浓度,C是间隙原子浓度。由于空穴存在而引起的内耗强度应与N·1/(B/C²+1/C)成正比,此处N是空穴的浓度,C是间隙原子浓度,B是一常数。在葛庭隧、钱知强两氏对面心立方系锰钢的内耗强度的实验中,内耗强度的数值基本上与合金原子浓度无关。因此,在高锰合金钢中像是空穴所引起内耗的那种机构。同时,可以估计出碳原子落入空穴放出的能量约为0.14eV。但目前实验数据有限,实际上面心合金钢中是何种机构在起主要作用,尚待进一步研究。     

ON THE NEUTRINO MASS,THE ABUNDANCE OF RIGHT-HANDED NEUTRINO AND THE CLOSENESS OF THE UNIVERSE

We point out that although the neutrino mass is finite,the left-handed neutrino density still dominates over the righthanded one in the universe unless there exists one or more elementary fernions (quark or lepton) whose mass is larger than 10⁶ GeV. or M_WR/M_WL≤10². (M_WLand M_WR are the left and right handed intermediate boson respectively.If there exists neutrino the mass of which is about 34 ev. as indicated in some experiments, then one can conclude that the total neutrino mass of the universe s,bvld contribute abput 99%. to the whole masses and lead to the closeness of the universe.This conclusion can be brought to the agreement of all observation datd which have been-obtained so far. A mass limit of all species of neutrinos obtained by reexamining all data is ≤ 200 eV.     

Mn3Ga的晶体结构

本文用X射线粉末法,测定了Mn₃Ga的晶体结构。Mn₃Ga属六角晶系。26.8at.%Ga的合金在20℃的点阵常数是:a=5.4065?,c=4.3537?,c/a=0.8053。空间群为D_6h⁴-P6₃/mmc。每个单胞含两个化合式量,其中6个Mn原子占据6(h)的位置,原子参数x_h=0.837,2个Ga原子占据2(c)的位置。这是一个畸变型的DO₁₉有序密堆积超结构。Mn-Ga采内相当于这个结构的均匀范围并不包括理想成分在内,而偏移在富Ga的一边。     

铜-锗-锡三元系合金相图

本文用X射线衍射法测定了铜-锗-锡三元系合金相图。室温等温截面包含α,ζ,δ,ε₁,ε,η′,Ge,Sn八个单相区,十三个双相(即α+ζ,α+δ,ζ+δ,ζ+ε₁,ε₁+δ,ε₁+ε,δ+ε,ε₁+Ge,ε₁+η′,ε+η′,η′+Ge,η′+Sn,Ge+Sn相区,以及六个三相(即α+ζ+δ,ζ+ε₁+δ,ε₁+δ+ε,ε₁+ε+η′,ε₁+η′+Ge,η′+Ge+Sn)相区。所有单相与三个二元系中的单相一致,没有新相出现。