Role of vapor-phase diffusion in selective-area MOVPE of InGaN/GaN MQWs

Selective-area growth (SAG) of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was performed by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The layers of a blue light-emitting diode (LED), that includes five InGaN quantum wells, were grown on a patterned GaN template on a sapphire substrate. In order to elucidate the contribution of vapor-phase diffusion of group-III precursors to the in-plane modulation of luminescence wavelength, the width of a stripe selective growth area was 60 μm that is sufficiently larger than the typical surface diffusion length, with the mask width varied stepwise between 30 and 240 μm. The distribution of the luminescence wavelength from the MQWs was measured with cathode luminescence (CL) across the stripe growth area. The peak wavelength ranged between 420 and 500 nm. The peak shifted to longer wavelengths and became broader as the measured point approached to the mask edge. Such a shift in the peak wavelength exhibited parabolic profile in the growth area and the wider mask shifted the entire peak positions to longer wavelengths. These trends clearly indicate that the vapor-phase diffusion play a dominant role in the in-plane modulation of the luminescence wavelength in the SA-MOVPE of InGaN MQWs, when the size of a growth area and/or the mask width exceeds approximately 10 μm.     

Measurement of charge distributions for 229Th(nth,f) and 232U(nth,f)

A gas ΔE ? E_R telescope has been used to measure charge yields and their correlations with kinetic energies for ²²⁹Th and ²³²U. Even-charge yields are enhanced compared with odd-charge yields for both fissioning systems; this enhancement increases for events with higher kinetic energy. The mean odd-even effect $\text{δ}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>p</mtext>}}\text{is}\text{= (40±4)\%}\text{for}{}^{229}\text{Th}$; it is $\text{(21 ± 3)\%}\text{for}{}^{232}\text{U-the same as for}{}^{233}\text{U}\text{((22.1±2.1)\%)}\text{and}{}^{235}\text{U}\text{((23.7±0.7)\%)}$. The energy-integrated δ_p and δ_p for different energy windows, vary strongly as a function of charge (Z) due to the underlying shells. The δ_p averaged over Z increases fast with kinetic energy, contrary to the existing results for ²³³U and ²³⁵U, where δ_p flattens off at low energies. For both systems, the most probable kinetic energy ē shows a strong odd-even stagger; the mean odd-even effect on energy, $\text{δE}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>K</mtext>}}{}^{\mathrm{<mtext>o?e</mtext>}}\text{,}\text{is}\text{1.4 ± 0.3}\text{MeV for}{}^{229}\text{Th, and}\text{1.7±0.4}\text{MeV for}{}^{232}\text{U}\text{—}$ the latter is about twice the value for ${}^{233}\text{U}\text{(0.95 ± 0.09}\text{MeV}\text{)}\text{and}{}^{235}\text{U}\text{(0.7}\text{MeV}\text{)}$. These results are discussed in terms of the existing models.     

Kinetic approach to the collisional positive column

Zusammenfassung Es sollen ein Einblick in die Geschwindigkeitsverteilungsfunktion für Ionen in der Nähe der Grenze zwischen Plasma und Hülse in der positiven Stoßsäule erhalten und die Ergebnisse Friedmans mans für das gleiche Gebiet, bei denen makroskopische nicht-linearen Gleichungen angenommen waren, bestätigt werden. Eine Form der BGK-Gleichung wird annäherungsweise gelöst, wobei die unbekannte Temperatur durch die lineare Diffusiontheorie von Schottky ermittelt wurde.Die in der Verteilungsfunktion der Ionen enthaltene unbekannte Temperatur kann näherungsweise durch die Summe von Elektronen- und Ionen-Temperatur ermittelt werden. Wir erhalten die ambipolare Geschwindigkeitsverteilung an der Grenze zwischen Plasma und Hülse, die genau mit den Ergebnissen der Friedman-Analyse für die Hülsen-Stabilität übereinstimmt, bei der die Eintrittsgeschwindigkeit der ambipolaren Schallgeschwindigkeit gleichgesetzt war. Mit der Bedingung, dass alle die Wände berührenden Ionen durch die Wände absorbiert werden, erhalten wir die Beziehung zwischen der Stossfrequenz der Ionen und der Ionisations-Stossfrequenz, die das gleiche Ergebnis wie bei Friedman zeigt.     

Synthesis of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: a brief overview

1. Download : Download full-size image

     

Frequency-comb-based interferometer for profilometry and tomography

A novel interferometry technique using a frequency-comb light source is proposed for surface profilometry and tomography of discontinuous objects. Surface profile measurement is performed by sweeping the comb interval frequency without mechanical scanning. Step heights of 0.5 and 1.0 mm are successfully measured by use of the scheme with 9 mum accuracy.     

Departure Process of the MAP/SM/1 Queue

We study the departure process of a single server queue with Markovian arrival input and Markov renewal service time. We derive the joint transform of departure time and the number of departures and, based on this transform, we establish several expressions for burstiness (variance) and correlation (covariance sequence) of the departure process. These expressions reveal that burstiness and correlation of the arrival process have very little impact on the departure process when a queueing system is heavily loaded. In contrast, both burstiness and correlation of the service-time process greatly affect those of the departure process regardless of the load of the system. Finally, we show that, even when an arrival process is short-range dependent, the departure process could has long-range dependence if a service-time process is long-range dependent.     

Crystallization kinetics study on higher homologues of benzylidene aniline compounds: impact of phase variant on nucleation process

A systematic kinetic study leading to the crystallization process from the kinetophases (which occur prior to crystal phase) smectic B, crystal G and smectic F is performed on representative compounds of the homologous series p -phenylbenzylidene-p′-alkylanilines (PBnA) and p-n -alkoxybenzylidene-p′-alkylanilines (nO.m) these compounds are p-phenylbenzylidene-p′-nonylaniline (PB9A), p -phenylbenzylidene-p′-tetradecylaniline (PB14A), p-n -pentadecyloxybenzylidene p′-tetradecylaniline (15O.14) and p-n -octadecyloxybenzylidene-p′-nonylaniline (18O.9). The molecular mechanism and dimensionality in crystal growth from the kineto phases are computed from the Avrami equation, while the characteristic crystalline time (t ^*) at each crystallization temperature is deduced from the individual plots of log t vs. Δ H. The low magnitudes of the dimensionality parameter n infers the occurrence of diffusion-controlled transformations leading to the formation of plates or needles of finite size possessing impinged edges. The degree of variation in the value of n at each crystallization temperature also reveals the existence of an independent nucleation mechanism for any individual member of the series. The influence of the terminal alkyl chain lengths on the rate of crystallization is determined from a comparative study with the reported analogous compounds.     

A Mössbauer spectroscopic study of salt lake sediments from Qaidam basin

Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry and chemical fractionation have been used to study the clay smaples in sediments of Charhan playa and Qinghai lake. The spectral components of the Mossbauer spectra of the samples are attributed to Fe²⁺ ions in chlorite and siderite, Fe³⁺ ions in clay minerals and hematite, and partly in amorphous ferric hydroxides. The essential difference in the mineral composition of the sediments of both lakes is the presence of siderite in the samples of Char han playa, whereas it is absent in the samples of Qinghai lake. The fraction of the amorphous ferric hydroxides is higher in the sediments of Qinghai lake. Total Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratios increase with sediment depth of Charhan playa, whereas these ratios are altogether smaller and run through a maximum at a certain depth for Qinghai lake.     

Elastic electron scattering from 40Ar

Cross sections for elastic electron scattering from ⁴⁰Ar have been measured for the momentum transfer range from 0.59 to 1.31 fm^?1. We have analyzed with the Fourier-Bessel ansatz our data as well as the data of former experiments. The rms charge radius we have found is 3.423(14) fm. The results are in excellent agreement with latest muonic data. Furthermore, we have reanalyzed former ⁴⁰Ca data and have discussed the ⁴⁰Ca- ⁴⁰Ar charge distribution.