Bright Mono‐aqua Europium Complexes Based on Triazacyclononane That Bind Anions Reversibly and Permeate Cells Efficiently

A series of five europium(III) complexes has been prepared from heptadentate N₅O₂ ligands that possess a brightness of more than 10 mM ^?1 cm^?1 in water, following excitation over the range λ=330–355 nm. Binding of several oxy anions has been assessed by emission spectral titrimetric analysis, with the binding of simple carboxylates, lactate and citrate involving a common ligation mode following displacement of the coordinated water. Selectivity for bicarbonate allows the rapid determination of this anion in human serum, with K_d=37 mM (295 K). The complexes are internalised quickly into mammalian cells and exhibit a mitochondrial localisation at early time points, migrating after a few hours to reveal a predominant lysosomal distribution. Herein, we report the synthesis and complexation behaviour of strongly emissive europium (III) complexes that bind oxy‐anions in aqueous media with an affinity and selectivity profile that is distinctively different from previously studied systems.     

ChemInform Abstract: Polymorph Engineering of TiO2: Demonstrating How Absolute Reference Potentials Are Determined by Local Coordination.

A multiscale quantum‐chemical approach is used for examining the electronic structure of eight known TiO₂ polymorphs and aligning their ionization potential and electron affinity relative to an absolute energy reference.