全文获取类型
收费全文 | 831篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 26篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 435篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 9篇 |
数学 | 139篇 |
物理学 | 296篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 14篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 9篇 |
2013年 | 29篇 |
2012年 | 51篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 36篇 |
2007年 | 62篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 36篇 |
2004年 | 42篇 |
2003年 | 39篇 |
2002年 | 34篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 23篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有883条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
This paper concerns smoothing by infimal convolution for two large classes of functions: convex, proper and lower semicontinous as well as for (the nonconvex class of) convex-composite functions. The smooth approximations are constructed so that they epi-converge (to the underlying nonsmooth function) and fulfill a desirable property with respect to graph convergence of the gradient mappings to the subdifferential of the original function under reasonable assumptions. The close connection between epi-convergence of the smoothing functions and coercivity properties of the smoothing kernel is established. 相似文献
72.
The underlying metal was observed to corrode when a ruthenium dioxide-coated titanium electrode was anodized in an aqueous methanol solution. With a similarly coated platinum electrode peaks were observed on the voltammogram below 1.0 V which were attributed to methanol oxidation on the underlying metal. This effect was more pronounced when the electrode was subjected during cycling to potentials close to 0 V. Rapid oxidation of methanol on RuO2 was observed at potentials above 1.0 V, the rate at a given potential increasing in an approximately linear manner with increasing alcohol concentration. The rate of reaction also increased with increasing temperature and increasing surface roughness. Tafel slope values were rather high (>100 mV decade?1) and a mechanism involving anodically generated species such as OHads was proposed to account for these results. The variation of activity with pH was similar to that reported earlier for oxygen evolution at these anodes and this was again explained in terms of partial deactivation of the surface due to a combination of proton loss and phosphate ion adsorption at intermediate pH values. The release of carbon dioxide from aqueous solutions of higher alcohols at 25°C confirmed the high oxidizing power of RuO2 anodes. 相似文献
73.
A planning strategy for diversity-oriented synthesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In contrast to target-oriented synthesis (TOS) and medicinal or combinatorial chemistry, which aim to access precise or dense regions of chemistry space, diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) populates chemical space broadly with small-molecules having diverse structures. The goals of DOS include the development of pathways leading to the efficient (three- to five-step) synthesis of collections of small molecules having skeletal and stereochemical diversity with defined coordinates in chemical space. Ideally, these pathways also yield compounds having the potential to attach appendages site- and stereoselectively to a variety of attachment sites during a post-screening, maturation stage. The diverse skeletons and stereochemistries ensure that the appendages can be positioned in multiple orientations about the surface of the molecules. TOS as well as medicinal and combinatorial chemistries have been advanced by the development of retrosynthetic analysis. Although the distinct goals of DOS do not permit the application of retrosynthetic concepts and thinking, these foundations are being built on, by using parallel logic, to develop a complementary procedure known as forward-synthetic analysis. This analysis facilitates synthetic planning, communication, and teaching in this evolving discipline. 相似文献
74.
Wagner SR Hinshaw DA Ong RA Snyder A Abrams G Adolphsen CE Akerlof C Alexander JP Alvarez M Amidei D Baden AR Ballam J Barish BC Barklow T Barnett BA Bartelt J Blockus D Bonvicini G Boyarski A Boyer J Brabson B Breakstone A Brom JM Bulos F Burchat PR Burke DL Butler F Calvino F Cence RJ Chapman J Cords D Coupal DP DeStaebler HC Dorfan DE Dorfan JM Drell PS Feldman GJ Fernandez E Field RC Ford WT Fordham C Frey R Fujino D Gan KK Gidal G Gladney L Glanzman T Gold MS Goldhaber G Green A 《Physical review letters》1990,64(10):1095-1098
75.
Exploration for Degradation of Λ Polarization Produced in Relativistic Nucleus Nucleus Collisions 下载免费PDF全文
YE YunXiu CHEN Zhi RUAN TuNan SHEN Ji LV HaiJiang DONG WeiJiang SA BenHao TAI An 《中国物理C(英文版)》2000,24(2):125-130
The degradation of Λ transverse polarization produced in S+Pb central collisions at energy 200 GeV per nucleon has been studied in detail. The S+Pb central collision events have been generated using Monte-Carlo generator——LUCIAE at 200 GeV per nucleon. The various factors degrading Λ transverse polarization have been analysed quantitatively. The ratios of Λ′s produced from rescattering, secondary production and decays of Σ, Ξ hyperons to the total measurable Λ′s in experiment have been investigeted and the degradation effect of these Λ on the total polarization has been determined. The simulation and calculation show that above three factors decrease the Λ transverse polarization strongly, however, can not eliminate the polarization completely when the Λ′s are assumed to be produced from hadronic gas in the final state. To explan the experimental data of vanished Λ polarization, it probably needs to consider new mechanisms of Λ production, including a weak effect of QGP formation. 相似文献
76.
A repetitive potential cycling procedure was used to produce a specific multilayer hydrous oxide film on copper in base at
60 °C. Such a deposit undergoes reduction in a quasi-reversible manner at ca. −0.1 V (RHE), i.e. at a potential that is unrelated
to Pourbaix data for copper but, as demonstrated previously, is of major significance with regard to the electrocatalytic
behaviour of this electrode system. In accordance with the incipient hydrous oxide/adatom mediator model of electrocatalysis,
an active surface state of the metal (Cu*) is assumed to be involved both in electrocatalysis and as a primary product in
the hydrous oxide reduction reaction. While the latter process occurs very rapidly at −0.1 V, it is not usually reversible
as it is accompanied by subsequent rapid loss of the active state of the metal. The same general approach was used previously
to explain the hydrous oxide and electrocatalytic behaviour of a range of noble metals.
Received: 28 August 1999 / Accepted: 11 November 1999 相似文献
77.
G. T. Jones R. W. L. Jones B. W. Kennedy S. W. O'Neale H. Klein D. R. O. Morrison P. Schmid H. Wachsmuth F. Hamisi D. B. Miller M. M. Mobayyen S. Wainstein M. Aderholz D. Hantke E. Hoffmann U. F. Katz J. Kern N. Schmitz W. Wittek G. Corrigan G. Myatt D. Radojicic P. N. Shotton S. J. Towers F. W. Bullock S. Burke 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1989,44(3):379-384
Within the framework of the quark-parton model, the quark and anti-quark structure functions of the proton have been measured by fitting them to the distributions of the events in the Bjorkeny variable. The data used form the largest sample of neutrino and antineutrino interactions on a pure hydrogen target available, and come from exposures of BEBC to the CERN wide band neutrino and antineutrino beams. It is found that the ratiod v /u v of valence quark distributions falls with increasing Bjorkenx. In the context of the quark-parton model the results constrain the isospin composition of the accompanying diquark system. Models involving scattering from diquarks are in disagreement with the data. 相似文献
78.
Ultrafine grain formation and coating mechanism arising from a blast coating process: A transmission electron microscopy analysis 下载免费PDF全文
Conor F. Dunne Kevin Roche Arne Janssen Xiangli Zhong M.G. Burke Barry Twomey Kenneth T. Stanton 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2017,49(12):1271-1278
This article examines the substrate/coating interface of a coating deposited onto mild steel and stainless steel substrates using an ambient temperature blast coating technique known as CoBlast. The process uses a coincident stream of an abrasive blast medium and coating medium particles to modify the substrate surface. The hypothesis for the high bond strength is that the abrasive medium roughens the surface while simultaneously disrupting the passivating oxide layer of the substrate, thereby exposing the reactive metal that then reacts with the coating medium. The aim of this study is to provide greater insight into the coating/substrate bonding mechanism by analysing the interface between a hydroxyapatite coating on both mild and stainless steel substrates. The coating adhesion was measured via a tensile test, and bond strengths of approximately 45 MPa were measured. The substrate/coating interface was examined using transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. The analysis of the substrate/coating interface revealed the presence of ultrafine grains in both the coating and substrate at interface associated with deformation at the interface caused by particle impaction during deposition. The chemical reactivity resulting from the creation of these ultrafine grains is proposed to explain the high adhesive strength of CoBlast coatings. 相似文献
79.
S. Dooley M. P. Burke M. Chaos Y. Stein F. L. Dryer V. P. Zhukov O. Finch J. M. Simmie H. J. Curran 《国际化学动力学杂志》2010,42(9):527-549
The oxidation of methyl formate (CH3OCHO) has been studied in three experimental environments over a range of applied combustion relevant conditions:
- 1. A variable‐pressure flow reactor has been used to quantify reactant, major intermediate and product species as a function of residence time at 3 atm and 0.5% fuel concentration for oxygen/fuel stoichiometries of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 at 900 K, and for pyrolysis at 975 K.
- 2. Shock tube ignition delays have been determined for CH3OCHO/O2/Ar mixtures at pressures of ≈ 2.7, 5.4, and 9.2 atm and temperatures of 1275–1935 K for mixture compositions of 0.5% fuel (at equivalence ratios of 1.0, 2.0, and 0.5) and 2.5% fuel (at an equivalence ratio of 1.0).
- 3. Laminar burning velocities of outwardly propagating spherical CH3OCHO/air flames have been determined for stoichiometries ranging from 0.8–1.6, at atmospheric pressure using a pressure‐release‐type high‐pressure chamber.
80.
Philip J. Burke William Clegg Terence C. Jenkins Ian T. Meikle 《Tetrahedron letters》2010,51(30):3918-7450
Treatment of the N-nitroaryl-3-hydroxypiperidine derivatives 12 and 13 with thionyl chloride afforded the corresponding N-aryl-2-chloromethylpyrrolidines 5 and 15 via a ring-contraction process involving an intermediate aziridinium ion. 相似文献