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151.
M. Mozdzierz G. Brus A. Sciazko Y. Komatsu S. Kimijima J. S. Szmyd 《Flow, Turbulence and Combustion》2016,97(1):171-189
Plug-flow reactors are very common in methane/steam reforming applications. Their operation presents many challenges, such as a strong dependence on temperature and inlet composition distribution. The strong endothermic steam reforming reaction might result in a temperature drop at the inlet of the reactor. The strong non-uniform temperature distribution due to an endothermic chemical reaction can have tremendous consequences on the operation of the reactor, such as catalyst degradation, undesired side reactions and thermal stresses. One of the possibilities to avoid such unfavorable conditions and control thermal circumstances inside the reforming reactor is to use it as a fuel processor in the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system. The heat generated by exothermic electrochemical SOFC reactions can support the endothermic reforming reaction. Furthermore, the thermal effects of electrochemical reactions help to shape the uniform temperature distribution. To examine thermal management issues, a detailed modeling and corresponding numerical analyses of the phenomena occurring inside the internal reforming system is required. This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on the methane/steam reforming process inside a plug-flow reactor. Measurements including different thermal boundary conditions, the fuel flow rate and the steam-to-methane ratios were performed. The reforming rate equation derived from experimental data was used in the numerical model to predict gas composition and temperature distribution along the steam reforming reactor. Finally, an attempt was made to control the temperature distribution by adopting locally controlled heating zones and non-uniform catalyst density distributions. 相似文献
152.
基于神经网络的叶绿素含量精细测量建模方法研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
活体植物叶片叶绿素含量SPAD值易受叶片厚度、水分等影响,提出了基于多参数神经网络建模的叶绿素含量精细反演方法。通过测量叶片在中心波长分别为650,940和1 450 nm光照射下的透过率,获得叶片的SPAD值和水分指数WI(water index),同时用数字螺旋测微仪测量相应的叶片厚度并用分光光度法测得其叶绿素含量。利用建模集样本分别建立SPAD值与实测叶绿素含量之间的单参数模型和基于BP神经网络的WI、厚度及SPAD值与实测叶绿素含量之间的非线性模型。利用这两种模型分别计算获得验证集样本的叶绿素含量预测值,对预测值和实测值进行了相关分析和相对误差的分析。实验以340个三种不同植物叶片为样本,用以上方法进行了分析。结果表明,利用BP神经网络建模后,每种植物样本的叶绿素含量预测精度都有不同程度的提高,尤其对于叶片厚度值较大的样本,效果更为明显。数据显示所有混合样本平均相对误差绝对值由单参数模型的7.55%降低到5.22%,实测值与预测值的拟合决定系数由0.83提高到0.93。验证了利用多参数BP神经网络模型可以有效地提高活体植物叶绿素含量预测精度的可行性。 相似文献
153.
154.
155.
Summary: Two polysaccharide systems were studied by solid-state NMR methods: (i) Chitin/glucan complexes. The 13C NMR spectra have shown that in samples isolated from the mushroom Pleurotus sp., the glucan content was always higher in stems than in pilei. While carbonyl lineshape in complex isolated from Aspergillus niger mycelium shows similar hydrogen bonding as in neat chitin, a significantly higher amounts of hydrogen bonding between carbonyl groups of chitin and hydroxy groups of glucan was found in complexes isolated from Pleurotus sp. (ii) Biodegradable starch/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends. From the relaxation times T1(H) and T1ρ(H) it follows that blends starch/PCL, starch/ester oligomers and starch formate/ester oligomers are phase-separated even on the scale 20–110 nm. On the contrary, starch formate/PCL blend is phase-separated on the scale 1–9 nm but homogeneously mixed on the scale 20–90 nm. Therefore formylation of starch significantly improves its miscibility with PCL. 相似文献
156.
157.
The interaction potential between a spherical and a deformed nucleus is calculated within the double-folding model for deformed nuclei. We solve the double folding potential numerically by using the truncated multipole expansion method. The shape, separation and orientation dependence of the interaction potential, fusion cross section and barrier distribution of the system 16O+154Sm are investigated by considering the quadrupole and hexadecapole deformations of 154Sm. It is shown that the height and the position of the barrier depend strongly on the deformation and the orientation angles of the deformed nucleus. These are quite important quantities for heavy-ion fusion reactions, and hence produce great effects on the fusion cross section and barrier distribution. 相似文献
158.
绿色化学与创造性教学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
绿色化学的创造性教学具有现实的可行性和必要性,且绿色化学与创造性教学存在着很好的结合点。探讨了在绿色化学教学中贯彻创造性教学的原则和方式及其对培养高素质有创造性人才的意义。 相似文献
159.
双时间步方法的应用分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对双时间步方法隐式迭代的稳定性、启动问题、子迭代初值和收敛性准则进行分析.一般认为,双时间步的真实时间步长是基于精度,而不是稳定性的基础上给定,因此真实时间步长可以取得很大,但对VonNeumann稳定性分析表明,对于子迭代采用隐式的算法,稳定性的要求对真实时间步有限制.并通过对Sod激波管问题的计算,验证该分析. 相似文献
160.
Andrii Mahun Sabina Abbrent Jiri Czernek Jan Rohlicek Hana Mackov Weihua Ning Rafa Konefa Jií Brus Libor Kobera 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2021,26(19)
Spikelets NMR spectra are very popular as they enable the shortening of experimental time and give the possibility to obtain required NMR parameters for nuclei with ultrawide NMR patterns. Unfortunately, these resulted ssNMR spectra cannot be fitted directly in common software. For this reason, we developed UWNMRSpectralShape (USS) software which transforms spikelets NMR patterns into single continuous lines. Subsequently, these reconstructed spectral envelopes of the (Q)CPMG spikelets patterns can be loaded into common NMR software and automatically fitted, independently of experimental settings. This allows the quadrupole and chemical shift parameters to be accurately determined. Moreover, it makes fitting of spikelets NMR spectra exact, fast and straightforward. 相似文献