CdS aerogels: Effect of concentration and primary particle size on surface area and opto-electronic properties

Porous aerogels of CdS that exhibit quantum confined optical properties have been prepared by supercritical drying of wet CdS gels prepared by oxidative stripping of nanoparticle capping groups. The water-to-surfactant ratio (W) employed in the preparation of the nanoparticles is found to have a large impact on the surface areas of resultant aerogels, with W=5 samples producing mesoporous samples with the highest surface areas and cumulative pore volumes. In contrast, the concentration of the CdS sol employed in the gelation has only a small effect on the porosity characteristics, but a large impact on the apparent crystallite and chromophore sizes in as-prepared aerogels. Higher concentrations of the sol result in larger crystallite sizes and lower degrees of quantum confinement, as evidenced by a red shift in the absorbance spectra.     

Dynamic analysis of non-symmetric problems for frictionless indentation and plane crack extension

Two-dimensional dynamic analyses of contact and stress loading problems associated with non-symmetric frictionless rigid indentation and plane crack extension under normal stress are presented. The extension rates of the contact strip/crack surfaces are assumed to be constant and sub-critical. Homogeneous function techniques are used to derive general mathematical solutions which are then fitted to the physical problem by matching the predicted and prescribed displacement/stress distributions on the contact strip/crack surfaces. By studying several examples, it is seen that coupling between inherently symmetric and antisymmetric components of the mathematical solutions complicates this procedure. Moreover, the relation between loading and solution behavior is not always physically obvious, especially with regard to symmetry/antisymmetry.

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Zusammenfassung Es werden zweidimensionale dynamische Analysen von Problemen der Berührungs und Spannungsbeanspruchung in Zusammenhang mit nichtsymetrischer, reibungsloser und formfester Vertiefung und Verlängerung eines Rißes in einer Ebene unter normaler Beanspruchung diskutiert. Die Rate der Verlängerung der Oberfläche der Berührungsbahn oder des Rißes wird als konstant und unterhalb der kritischen Schwelle bleibend angenommen. Die Methoden homogener Funktionen werden benutzt, um generelle mathematische Lüsungen abzuleiten, die dann dem physikalischen Problem durch Angleichen der erwarteten mit den gemessenen Verteilungen der Verschiebung/Beanspruchung an den Flächen der Berührungsbahn odes des Rißes angepaßt werden. Die Untersuchung meherer Beispiele zeigt, daß eine Verbindung zwischen inhärenten symetrischen und anti-symetrischen Bestandteilen der mathematischen Lösungen dieses Verfahren komplizieren. Ferner ist die Beziehung zwischen der Belastung und dem Lösungsausfall physikalisch nicht immer naheliegend, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Symetrie/Antisymetrie.

     

From ribbons to nanodot arrays: nanopattern design through reductive annealing

A new approach to the generation of nanoparticle arrays in periodic as well as non-periodic fashions has been discovered based on reduction of oxidized nanoscroll/nanoribbon precursors in the transmission electron microscope (carbothermal reduction) or by hydrogen annealing. Arrays consisting of nickel arsenide nanoparticles of size 3-4 nm have been generated.     

Asymptotics of Weil–Petersson Geodesics I: Ending Laminations, Recurrence, and Flows

We define an ending lamination for a Weil–Petersson geodesic ray. Despite the lack of a natural visual boundary for the Weil–Petersson metric [Bro2], these ending laminations provide an effective boundary theory that encodes much of its asymptotic CAT(0) geometry. In particular, we prove an ending lamination theorem (Theorem 1.1) for the full-measure set of rays that recur to the thick part, and we show that the association of an ending lamination embeds asymptote classes of recurrent rays into the Gromov-boundary of the curve complex C(S){\mathcal{C}(S)}. As an application, we establish fundamentals of the topological dynamics of the Weil–Petersson geodesic flow, showing density of closed orbits and topological transitivity.     

Die Bestimmung von Phenol in Gegenwart von Hexamethylen tetramin und Formaldehyd

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Structure and optical properties of several organic-inorganic hybrids containing corner-sharing chains of bismuth iodide octahedra

Two organic-inorganic bismuth iodides of the form (H3N-R-NH3)BiI5 are reported, each containing long and relatively flexible organic groups, R. The norganic framework in each case consists of distorted BiI6 octahedra sharing cis vertexes to form zigzag chains. Crystals of (H3NC18H24S2NH3)BiI5 were grown from a slowly cooled ethylene glycol/2-butanol solution containing bismuth(III) iodide and AETH.2HI, where AETH = 1,6-bis[5'-(2' '-aminoethyl)-2'-thienyl]hexane. The new compound, (H2AETH)BiI5, adopts an orthorhombic (Aba2) cell with the lattice parameters a = 20.427(3) A, b = 35.078(5) A, c = 8.559(1) A, and Z = 8. The structure consists of corrugated layers of BiI5(2-) chains, with Bi-I bond lengths ranging from 2.942(3) to 3.233(3) A, separated by layers of the organic (H2AETH)(2+) cations. Crystals of the analogous (H3NC12H24NH3)BiI5 compound were also prepared from a concentrated aqueous hydriodic acid solution containing bismuth(III) iodide and the 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDDA) salt, DDDA.2HI. (H2DDDA)BiI5 crystallizes in an orthorhombic (Ibam) cell with a = 17.226(2) A, b = 34.277(4) A, c = 8.654(1) A, and Z = 8. The Bi-I bonds range in length from 2.929(1) to 3.271(1) A. While the inorganic chain structure is nearly identical for the two title compounds, as well as for the previously reported (H3NC6H12NH3)BiI5 [i.e., (H2DAH)BiI5] structure, the packing of the chains is strongly influenced by the choice of organic cation. Optical absorption spectra for thermally ablated thin films of the three organic-inorganic hybrids containing BiI5(2-) chains are reported as a function of temperature (25-290 K). The dominant long-wavelength feature in each case is attributed to an exciton band, which is apparent at room temperature and, despite the similar inorganic chain structure, varies in position from 491 to 541 nm (at 25 K).