Scan-based near-field acoustical holography and partial field decomposition in the presence of noise and source level variation

Practical holography measurements of composite sources are usually performed using a multireference cross-spectral approach, and the measured sound field must be decomposed into spatially coherent partial fields before holographic projection. The formulations by which the latter approach have been implemented have not taken explicit account of the effect of additive noise on the reference signals and so have strictly been limited to the case in which noise superimposed on the reference signals is negligible. Further, when the sound field is measured by scanning a subarray over a number of patches in sequence, the decomposed partial fields can suffer from corruption in the form of a spatially distributed error resulting from source level variation from scan-to-scan. In the present work, the effects of both noise included in the reference signals, and source level variation during a scan-based measurement, on partial field decomposition are described, and an integrated procedure for simultaneously suppressing the two effects is provided. Also, the relative performance of two partial field decomposition formulations is compared, and a strategy for obtaining the best results is described. The proposed procedure has been verified by using numerical simulations and has been applied to holographic measurements of a subsonic jet.     

Search for the lepton family number violating process nu(mu)e(-) --> mu(-)nu(e)

The NuTeV experiment at Fermilab has used a sign-selected neutrino beam to perform a search for the lepton number violating process nu(mu)e(-)-->mu(-)nu(e), and to measure the cross section of the standard model inverse muon decay process nu(mu)e(-)-->mu(-)nu(e). NuTeV measures the inverse muon decay asymptotic cross-section slope sigma/E to be (13.8 +/- 1.2 +/- 1.4) x 10(-42) cm(2)/GeV. The experiment also observes no evidence for lepton number violation and places one of the most restrictive limits on the cross-section ratio sigma(nu(mu)e(-)-->mu(-)nu(e))/sigma(nu(mu)e(-)-->mu(-)nu(e)) < or = 1.7% at 90% C.L. for V-A couplings and < or = 0.6% for scalar couplings.     

Homolytic reactions of polyfluoroaromatic compounds Part VII. Products and relative rates of phenylation of pentafluorobenzene,bromopentafluorobenzene and octafluorotoluene with benzoyl peroxide

Competitive rates of arylation of the title compounds were measured using hexafluorobenzene as reference. The results suggest that the species responsible for intermolecular discrimination and those responsible for intramolecular selection are not the same. The significance of this observation is discussed.     

Search for a 33.9 MeV/c(2) neutral particle in pion decay

The E815 (NuTeV) neutrino experiment has performed a search for a 33. 9 MeV/c(2) weakly interacting neutral particle produced in pion decay. Such a particle may be responsible for an anomaly in the timing distribution of neutrino interactions in the KARMEN experiment. E815 has searched for this particle's decays in an instrumented decay region; no evidence for this particle was found. The search is sensitive to pion branching ratios as low as 10(-13).     

超声溶栓

超声溶栓长期为人们所重点研究。本文对超声溶栓技术进行了综述，着重介绍和分析了其发展历史、溶栓机理、技术特点和研究现状，最后对以后的研究工作提出了一些看法。     

High-content screening and mechanism-based evaluation of estrogenic botanical extracts

Symptoms associated with menopause can greatly affect the quality of life for women. Botanical dietary supplements have been viewed by the public as safe and effective despite a lack of evidence indicating a urgent necessity to standardize these supplements chemically and biologically. Seventeen plants were evaluated for estrogenic biological activity using standard assays: competitive estrogen receptor (ER) binding assay for both alpha and beta subtypes, transient transfection of the estrogen response element luciferase plasmid into MCF-7 cells expressing either ER alpha or ER beta, and the Ishikawa alkaline phosphatase induction assay for both estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities. Based on the combination of data pooled from these assays, the following was determined: a) a high rate of false positive activity for the competitive binding assays, b) some extracts had estrogenic activity despite a lack of ability to bind the ER, c) one extract exhibited selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) activity, and d) several extracts show additive/synergistic activity. Taken together, these data indicate a need to reprioritize the order in which the bioassays are performed for maximal efficiency of programs involving bioassay-guided fractionation. In addition, possible explanations for the conflicts in the literature over the estrogenicity of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) are suggested.