Der Einfluß einer mechanischen Bearbeitung auf die thermische Zersetzung von Hydrargillit

Influence of Mechanical Activation on Thermal Decomposition of Gibbsite The influence of mechanical activation on structure and reactivity of gibbsite in dependence on stress mechanism (pressure stress and shearing in vibration-mills, shock stress in disintegrators) is investigated. With increasing mechanical treatment the degree of order is decreased. Mechanically disturbed gibbsite shows changed decomposition series. After mechanical activation and short-time heating there are formed nearly X-ray amorphous Al₂O₃ with high spec. surfaces. It is possible to transform these alumina into pseudo-boehmite with a very low alkali content. The transformation into pseudo-boehmite is dependent on the degree of order of the mechanically pretreated gibbsite and is independent of the spec. surface of X-ray amorphous Al₂O₃. The products can be used for the preparation of adsorbents and catalyser components.     

Controlling interfacial curvature in nanoporous silica films formed by evaporation-induced self-assembly from nonionic surfactants. II. Effect of processing parameters on film structure

The double-gyroid phase of nanoporous silica films has been shown to possess facile mass-transport properties and may be used as a mold to fabricate a variety of highly ordered inverse double-gyroid metal and semiconductor films. This phase exists only over a very small region of the binary phase diagram for most surfactants, and it has been very difficult to synthesize metal oxide films with this structure by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA). Here, we show the interplay of the key parameters needed to synthesize these structures reproducibly and show that the interfacial curvature may be systematically controlled. Grazing angle of incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) is used to determine the structure and orientation of nanostructured silica films formed by EISA from dilute silica/(poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-alkyl) surfactant solutions. Four different highly ordered film structures are observed by changing only the concentration of the surfactant, the relative humidity during dip-coating, and the aging time of the solution prior to coating. The highly ordered films progress from rhombohedral (Rm) to 2D rectangular (c2m) to double-gyroid (distorted Iad) to lamellar systematically as interfacial curvature decreases. Under all experimental conditions investigated, increasing the aging time of the coating solution was found to decrease the interfacial curvature. In particular, this parameter was critical to being able to synthesize highly ordered, pure-phase double-gyroid films. The key role of the aging time is shown via processing diagrams that map out the interplay between the aging time, composition, and relative humidity. 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and solution-phase small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of the aged coating solutions presented in part I of this series are then used to interpret the effects of aging prior to dip-coating. Specifically, it was found that a predictive model based on volume fractions and the silica cluster stoichiometry obtained from 29Si NMR qualitatively explains the trends observed with composition and aging. However, apart from the effects of relative humidity, a quantitative comparison of the predicted phase with the experimental processing diagram suggests that less-condensed silica clusters are more effective at swelling the EO blocks at early aging times. This enhanced swelling decreases with aging time and results in lower-curvature nanostructures such as the double-gyroid. The decrease in swelling is attributed to the decreased thermodynamic driving force for the more-condensed silica clusters to mix with the EO block of the surfactant.     

A specific micromethod for the determination of phytic acid in biological material

A method for the quantitative determination of phytic acid in biological material is described. The method permits a determination of phytic acid in quantities below 0.1 mg even if the material contains closely related compounds includingmyo-inositol pentakisphosphate.

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Eine spezifische Mikromethode für die Bestimmung von Phytinsäure in biologischem Material

Zusammenfassung Es wird eine Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung von Phytinsäure in biologischem Material beschrieben. Die Methode erlaubt die Bestimmung von Phytinsäure in Mengen von weniger als 0.1 mg, selbst wenn das Untersuchungsmaterial nahe verwandte Substanzen wie z. B.myo-Inositpentakisphosphat enthält.

     

On the correlation of implantation defects and implanted species

Using high-sensitive deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), we have determined ion-related defects in monocrystalline silicon in the asimplanted state. In comparison with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data and neutron depth profiling (NDP) results it is demonstrated that the defect profiles and the chemical distributions have nearly identical shape. From these experimental facts it can be concluded that this electrical spectroscopy can be applied for the detection of very low concentrations (down to 10¹⁰ cm^–3) of implanted ion species.     

Estimation of point defect parameters of solids on the basis of a defect formation model of melting (III). Formation entropy and concentration of schottky defects (vacancies)

The formation entropy of Schottky defects (vacancies) is calculated from the entropy of fusion and the concentration x_L = 0.125 of vacancies within the melt at melting point T_m. The formation of vacancies is connected with a decrease of the vibrational frequency of those lattice forming particles (atoms, ions, molecules) being neighbours of the vacancies. Theoretical values of the vacancy concentrations x_s agree with those x_s obtained with the help of experimentally determined free formation enthalpies of the defects.     

有机硅活性中间体的研究 II. 一些含环丙基的有机硅化合物的合成及其结构

用锂有机物的方法合成了四种含有环丙基有机硅化合物,对上述每种化合物中可能存在着的立体异构进行了分离和和构型测定。     

Ionic conductivity of BaF2 crystals

By fitting theoretically calculated to experimentally found lg σT ÷ 1/T dependencies (σ conductivity) there were obtained: the free formation enthalpy of anti-Frenkel defects g_AF = 1.81 eV − 7.85 kT, and the mobilities v_V and v_i of F⁻ ion vacancies and interstitials: v_VT = 240 exp (−0.59 eV/kT) cm² K/Vs, v_iT = (4080 + 610) exp (−0.79 eV/kT) cm² K/Vs. The free association enthalpies were reestimated for complexes consisting of single foreign cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Y³⁺, La³⁺, Tm³⁺, Yb³⁺) and the corresponding charge-compensating defects. At the melting point of BaF₂ at least 5.7 per cent of the F⁻ ions are disordered.     

Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Aluminiumaquoxid. I. Böhmit aus Aluminiumnitrat und Ammoniakwasser

Preparation and Properties of Aluminium Hydroxide. I. Boehmite from Aluminium Nitrate and Ammonia The physical-chemical properties of mainly boehmite containing aluminium hydroxide are studied which were made by continuous precipitation from aluminium nitrate solution with ammonia liquor using technical raw materials and test conditions being very similar to those applied in production. The influence of the precipitation conditions (pH value, temperature, concentration and residence time in the precipitation solution) on the composition, structure and texture of the precipitation products is investigated and information about their effect on the filtration behaviour are given. In the case of a continuous precipitation it is possible to obtain phase-pure boehmite being relatively well crystallised. The crystallinity and dispersity of the precipitated hydroxide determine their filterability and the cavity structure.     

Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Aluminiumaquoxid. II. Böhmit aus Natriumaluminat und Salpetersäure

Preparation and Properties of Aluminium Hydroxide. II. Boehmite from Sodium Aluminate and Nitric Acid A report is given on the physical-chemical characteristics of aluminium hydroxide which contain mainly boehmite, having been obtained by continuous precipitation from sodium aluminate solution with nitric acid using technical raw materials and conditions being very similar to those applied in production. The influence of the reaction conditions (pH value, temperature, concentration and residence time in the precipitation suspension) on the chemical composition, structure and texture of the hydrogels is studied. With rising precipitation temperature the pH range extends, within which already after short residence times pure-phase, relatively well crystalline boehmite hydrogels are obtained in the precipitated solution.