Structure and acoustical properties control of magnetite/PLA composite microbubbles

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) microbubbles and magnetite/PLA composite microbubbles with various structures and controllable average size were prepared by a modified double emulsion–solvent evaporation process, and sound attenuation spectrum was performed to investigate the influence of size, composite structure, and magnetite loading on the acoustical properties of microbubbles. With the increase of time or energy of the emulsification, the inner structure of composite microbubbles changed continuously from honeycomb to solid structure, accompanied by the change of surface morphology and the decrease of average particle size. The sound attenuation and resonance frequency of concentric microbubbles were higher than those of other structures, while microbubbles with multicavities had the lowest sound attenuation and resonance frequency. The difference in the acoustical properties was related to their different structures and water permeability. In vitro ultrasonography of composite microbubbles showed a higher video intensity than that of PLA microbubbles, which was consistent with their sound attenuation spectra.     

基于二维声子晶体第一带边态的声学定向辐射

采用多重散射方法研究二维四方钢/水声子晶体中线源的辐射问题。数值结果表明利用声子晶体ΓΜ方向的第一带边态可以实现声定向辐射。利用文中设计的三角形晶体结构既可以实现声波的单束定向辐射,还能够得到传播方向互相垂直的双束定向辐射。该研究对声子晶体功能器件的设计具有一定的意义。     

全局耦合网络上的两种类集团的聚集-湮没反应动力学

利用Monte-Carlo模拟研究了全局耦合网络上扩散限制的不可逆聚集-湮没过程的动力学行为. 在系统中, 同种类集团相遇, 将发生聚集反应; 不同种类的集团相遇, 则发生部分湮没反应. 模拟结果表明:1) 当两种粒子初始浓度相等时, 系统长时间演化后, 集团浓度c(t)和粒子浓度g(t)呈现幂律形式, c(t)～t^{- α}和g(t)～t^-β, 其中幂指数α 和β 满足α=2β 的关系, 且α=2/(2 + q); 集团大小分布随时间的演化满足标度律, a_kt)=k^-τt^-ω\varPhi (k/t^z), 其中τ≈-1.27q, ω≈(3 + 1.27q)/(2 + q), z=α/2=1/(2 + q); 2) 当两种粒子初始浓度不相等时, 系统经长时间演化后, 初始浓度较小的种类完全湮没, 而初始浓度较大的那个种类的集团浓度c_A(t)仍具有幂律形式, c_A(t)～t^-α, 其中α=1/(1+q), 其集团大小分布随时间的演化也满足标度律, 标度指数为τ≈-1.27q, ω≈(2 + 1.27q)/(1 + q)和z=α=1/(1 + q). 模拟结果与已报道的理论分析结果相符得很好.     

Monte Carlo方法模拟非直视紫外光散射覆盖范围

针对大气中紫外光散射通信的特点, 用Monte Carlo方法对紫外光非直视(NLOS) 通信三种工作方式的覆盖范围进行分析, 建立了基于Monte Carlo方法的NLOS紫外光传输模型.利用Monte Carlo模拟方法对三种NLOS散射方式的单次和多次散射路径损耗及覆盖范围进行模拟研究, 结果表明, 多次散射和单次散射的路径损耗基本一致, NLOS(a) 类全向发送全向接收通信方式覆盖范围最小但全方位性好, NLOS(b) 类定向发送全向接收通信方式的覆盖范围较大但有一定方向性, NLOS(c) 类定向发送定向接收通信方式的覆盖范围最大但有很强的方向性.     

经光阑衍射的平顶涡旋光束位相奇点的演化特性

推导出了平顶涡旋光束通过有光阑ABCD光学系统的传输解析式,并以光阑透镜和矩形光阑系统为例,与平顶光束比较研究了截断参量、相对离轴距离和光束阶数对衍射场中位相奇点演化特性的影响.数值计算表明,平顶涡旋光束通过上述光学系统均存在位相奇点,即使源处涡旋被光阑阻拦时,衍射场中也会出现位相奇点;而平顶光束通过光阑透镜系统存在刃型位错,随着截断参量增大,会发生刃型位错的演化和湮灭现象,且平顶光束通过矩形光阑系统没有发现位相奇点.     

QSAR classification of metabolic activation of chemicals into covalently reactive species

Metabolic activation of chemicals into covalently reactive species might lead to toxicological consequences such as tissue necrosis, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, or immune-mediated toxicities. Early prediction of this undesirable outcome can help in selecting candidates with increased chance of success, thus, reducing attrition at all stages of drug development. The ensemble modelling of mixed features was used for the development of a model to classify the metabolic activation of chemicals into covalently reactive species. The effects of the quality of base classifiers and performance measure for sorting were examined. An ensemble model of 13 naive Bayes classifiers was built from a diverse set of 1,479 compounds. The ensemble model was validated internally with five-fold cross validation and it has achieved sensitivity of 67.4% and specificity of 93.4% when tested on the training set. The final ensemble model was made available for public use.     

A polarized micro-Raman study of a 0.65PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 - 0.35PbTiO3 single crystal

Polarized micro-Raman spectra of a 0.65PbMg_1/3Nb_2/3O₃-0.35PbTiO₃ (0.65PMN-0.35PT) single crystal poled in the [001] direction are obtained in a wide frequency range (50-2000 cm^-1) at different temperatures. The best fit to the Raman spectrum at 77 K is achieved using 17 Lorenzians to convolute into it, and this is proved to be a reasonable fit. According to the group theory and selection rules of overtone and combinational modes, apart from the seven Raman modes that are from first-order Raman scattering, the remaining ones are attributed to being from second-order Raman scattering. A comparison between the experimental results and theoretical predictions shows that they are in satisfactory agreement with each other. Our results indicate that at 77 K the sample belongs to the rhombohedral symmetry with the C_3v⁵ (R3m) space group (Z=1). In our study, on heating, the 0.65PMN-0.35PT single crystal undergoes a rhombohedral to tetragonal to cubic phase transition sequence. The two phase transitions occur at 340 and 440 K, which correspond to the disappearance of the soft mode near 106 cm^-1 recorded in VV polarization and the vanishing of the band around 780 cm^-1 in VH polarization, respectively.     

Determination of elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants of an R:BaTiO3 single crystal by Brillouin scattering

From the sound velocity measured using the Brillouin scattering technique, the elastic, piezoelectric, and dielectric constants of a high-quality monodomain tetragonal Rh：BaTiO3 single crystal are determined at room temperature. The elastic constants are in fairly good agreement with those of the BaTiO3 single crystal, measured previously by Brillouin scattering and the low-frequency equivalent circuit methods. However, their electromeehanical properties are significantly different. Based on the sound propagation equations and these results, the directional dependence of the compressional modulus and the shear modulus of Rh：BaTiO3 in the （010） plane is investigated. Some properties of sound propagation and electromechanical coupling in the crystal are discussed.     

Simultaneous chromatic dispersion monitoring,extinction ratio enhancement and wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing

This paper presents a multi-functional all-optical device performs simultaneous chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring, extinction ratio (ER) improvement and tunable wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing (FWM) in a single piece of highly nonlinear optical fiber (HNLF). The multi-functional ability arises from the nonlinear power transfer function (PTF) between the input signal and the output idler wave, which not only maps the CD information of the signal onto the average power of idler wave, but also transfers the data information to the idler wave with ER enhancement, making the device compact and cost effective. Furthermore within the wavelength tuning range the monitoring sensitivity and output ER can be much higher compared to all optical monitors and regenerators proposed before. Numerical simulations are then used to demonstrate the efficiency of this method.     

Effect of polarization properties on Doppler velocimetry with Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting lasers

This paper presents experimental results and numerical analysis of polarization properties of Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting lasers used for Doppler velocimetry. A good match is found between the numerical results and the experimental results. It include that generating symmetric self-mixing waveforms of the VCSELs must be operated in the bistable region and the frequency difference between the two linear polarization modes must be equal to one of several certain values. We also show that we can select VCSELs that have a frequency difference between the linear polarization modes that is a multiple of ±3 GHz in order to obtain an asymmetric self-mixing waveform.