Influence of different oxidants on band alignment of HfO2 films deposited by atomic layer deposition

Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), influences of different oxidants on band alignment of HfO₂ films deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are investigated in this paper. The measured valence band offset (VBO) value for H₂O-based HfO₂ increases from 3.17 eV to 3.32 eV after annealing, whereas the VBO value for O₃-based HfO₂ decreases from 3.57 eV to 3.46 eV. The research results indicate that the silicate layer changes in different ways for H₂O-based and O₃-based HfO₂ films after annealing process, which plays a key role in generating the internal electric field formed by the dipoles. The variations of the dipoles at the interface between the HfO₂ and SiO₂ after annealing may lead the VBO values of H₂O-based and O₃-based HfO₂ to vary in different ways, which is in agreement with the varition of flat band (V_FB) voltage.     

The effect of anti-hydrogen bond on Fermi resonance: A Raman spectroscopic study of the Fermi doublet ν1—ν12 of liquid pyridine

The effects of anti-hydrogen bond on the ν₁—ν₁₂ Fermi resonance (FR) of pyridine are experimentally investigated by using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Three systems, pyridine/water, pyridine/formamide, pyridine/carbon tetrachloride, provide varying degrees of strength for the diluent-pyridine anti-hydrogen bond complex. Water forms a stronger anti-hydrogen bond with pyridine than with formamide, and in the case of adding non-polar solvent carbon tetrachloride, which is neither a hydrogen bond donor nor an acceptor and incapable of forming hydrogen bond with pyridine, the intermolecular distance of pyridine will increase and the interaction of pyridine molecules will reduce. The dilution studies are performed on the three systems. Comparing with the values of Fermi coupling coefficient W of the ring breathing mode ν ₁ and triangle mode ν ₁₂ of pyridine at different volume concentrations, which are calculated according to the Bertran equations, in three systems, we find that the solution with the strongest anti-hydrogen bond, water, shows the fastest change in the ν₁—ν₁₂ Fermi coupling coefficient W with the volume concentration varying, followed by the formamide and carbon tetrachloride solutions. These results suggest that the stronger anti-hydrogen bond-forming effect will cause a greater reduction in the strength of the ν₁—ν₁₂ FR of pyridine. According to the mechanism of the formation of anti-hydrogen bond in the complexes and the FR theory, a qualitative explanation for the anti-hydrogen bond effect in reducing the strength of the ν₁—ν₁₂ FR of pyridine is given.     

多台阶器件结构深层表面光刻工艺优化

针对多台阶器件结构深层表面光刻工艺中存在的问题,对不同台阶高度分别测量了台阶表面及台阶底部沉积的光刻胶厚度,并对台阶高度与光刻胶厚度的关系进行数值描述与分析.基于Beer定律对薄光刻胶光吸收系数的描述,分析了通过实验得到的不同曝光时间下光刻胶的光强透过率曲线,解释了随着曝光时间的增加光刻胶光强透过率发生变化的原因,同时认为光刻胶光吸收系数与光刻胶厚度密切相关.在此基础上,确定了台阶底部堆积光刻胶完全曝光所需时间.优化平面光刻工艺,在不同台阶高度的深台阶表面及底部同时制作出窄线条的高质量图形.     

电介质桁架对频率选择表面传输特性的影响

为了分析电介质桁架结构对频率选择表面(FSS)传输特性的影响,以Y环单元的FSS和聚酰亚胺材质制备的桁架结构为例,采用时域有限差分方法进行计算和分析.建立物理模型并定义了孔径阻挡比P,通过分析证明了改变桁架的周期T以及肋骨的宽度D会对FSS的传输性能产生规律性影响,成为衡量电介质桁架结构的主要参数,且孔径阻挡比P的提高将增加传输损耗.当T值由无限大变为80 mm时,通带透过率平均下降超过0.9 dB;当D值由0变为20 mm时,通带透过率平均下降超过1 dB.当P值小于12.11%时通带不产生偏移现象;当P值小于4.12%时,桁架对FSS的影响可忽略不计.采用镀膜和光刻工艺制备FSS试件、数控机械加工方式制备电介质桁架,并在微波暗室中进行测量,验证实验与计算结果相符合,为拟采用电介质桁架结构的FSS隐身雷达罩工程应用提供了理论与实验的参考依据.     

Quality assessment for visible and infrared color fusion images of typical scenes

Two comprehensive evaluation metrics, image perceptual quality based on target detectability (PQTD) and perceptual quality based on scene understanding (PQSU), are proposed to measure image quality for visible and infrared color fusion images of typical scenes. A psychophysical experiment is performed to explore the relationship between conventional quality attributes and the proposed evaluation metrics. The prediction models for PQTD and PQSU are derived by multiple linear regression statistical analyses. Results show that the variation of PQTD can be predicted by sharpness and perceptual contrast between the target and background, and that color harmony and sharpness can predict PQSU. The proposed evaluation metrics and their prediction models provide a foundation for further developing objective quality evaluation of color fusion images.     

Reverse engineering from spectrophotometric measurements: performances and efficiency of different optimization algorithms

A large number of parameters is often required to describe optical dispersion laws, and it is only through the use of an appropriate global optimization procedure that an accurate thin-film index determination can be achieved. In this paper, we propose to investigate the respective performances of three different optimization algorithms, namely Simulated Annealing, Genetic Algorithm and Clustering Global Optimization and compare results with a commercial software dedicated to thin-film index determination. This study is restricted to the single-layer thin-film index determination of transparent and absorbing materials. It includes the theoretical study of simulated reflection and transmission spectra, and the experimental characterization of Ta₂O₅ and Si layers.     

Solvability of finite groups

H is called an ? _p -embedded subgroup of G, if there exists a p-nilpotent subgroup B of G such that H _p ∈ Syl _p (B) and B is ? _p -supplemented in G. In this paper, by considering prime divisor 3, 5, or 7, we use ? _p -embedded property of primary subgroups to investigate the solvability of finite groups. The main result is follows. Let E be a normal subgroup of G, and let P be a Sylow 5-subgroup of E. Suppose that 1 < d ? |P| and d divides |P|. If every subgroup H of P with |H| = d is ?₅-embedded in G, then every composition factor of E satisfies one of the following conditions: (1) I/C is cyclic of order 5, (2) I/C is 5′-group, (3) I/C ? A₅.     

Computing topological indices of Sudoku graphs

In QSAR/QSPR study, physico-chemical properties and topological indices such as Randi?, atom-bond connectivity (ABC) and geometric-arithmetic (GA) index are used to predict the bioactivity of chemical compounds. A topological index is actually designed by transforming a chemical structure into a numeric number. These topological indices correlate certain physico-chemical properties like boiling point, stability, strain energy etc. of chemical compounds. Graph theory has found a considerable use in this area of research. The topological indices of certain interconnection networks were studied recently by Imran et al. (Appl Math Comput 244:936–951, 2014). In this paper, we extend this study to \(n\times n\) Sudoku graphs and derive analytical closed results of general Randi? index \(R_{\alpha }(G)\) for different values of “\(\alpha \)” for Sudoku (SK). We also compute the general Randi?, first Zagreb, ABC, GA, \(ABC_{4}\) and \(GA_{5}\) indices and give closed formulae of these indices for Sudoku graphs.     

Fabrication of magneto-optical microstructure by femtosecond laser pulses

We investigate femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) in the fabrication of magneto-optical (MO) microstructures. The experimental results show that FDLW can introduce positive refractive index change in the MO materials. With the increase of the writing intensity of femtosecond laser pulses, refractive index change increases, whereas Verdet constant of the damaged area decreases nonlinearly. With suitable writing intensity, we obtain a single-mode waveguide in which Verdet constant is 80% of the bulk MO glass.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱对水溶性气溶胶复折射率的测量分析方法研究

当前大气气溶胶的成分比较复杂,其水溶性离子成分影响着大气质量,并且对人类健康不利。因此,对水溶性离子成分进行快速可靠的检测是环境科学领域中的一项重要研究工作。以SO24-为例,研究采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)技术,对水溶性气溶胶离子的消光系数进行测量,并通过理论分析计算得到其复折射率N的过程。通过测量大气气溶胶水溶性SO24-离子的质量消光截面k和消光系数α,再根据消光系数α来计算复折射率N的虚部ni,使用KK(Kramers-Kronig)关系,来计算复折射率N的实部nr,并对实验结果进行了分析和讨论。