Optical properties of GdTaO4:Eu thick films prepared from a PVP-containing solution

Transparent GdTaO₄:Eu³⁺ thick films were prepared from the inorganic salt and 2-methoxyethanol solution containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) via sol-gel technique. The critical thickness of the film, i.e. the maximum thickness achievable without crack formation via non-repetitive deposition, was 0.8 μm. The effect of PVP on the morphology, crystallization behavior and optical property of the GdTaO₄:Eu³⁺ thick film was investigated. The results indicated that PVP could play an important role in the formation of transparent GdTaO₄:Eu³⁺ thick films, suppressing the stress evolution, adjusting the sol viscosity, ameliorating the crystallinity, and strengthening the covalency of Eu-O bonds. The GdTaO₄:Eu³⁺ thick films prepared with PVP exhibited a superior photoluminescence and X-ray exited luminescence, which implies that it will have promising applications in high-spatial-resolution X-ray imaging and flat panel display devices.     

光谱法研究水团簇结构对AlCl3溶液与血清白蛋白作用的影响

研究了冷冻-解冻处理对A1CI₃溶液团簇结构和AICl₃与血清白蛋白相互作用的影响。测定了AICl₃溶液冷冻-解冻处理前后电导率的变化,发现AICI₃溶液经冷冻处理后,电导率有明显增加。采用紫外分光光度法和荧光光谱法对冷冻前后AICI₃溶液与血清白蛋白相互作用的研究表明,A1C1₃溶液经冷冻-解冻处理后,与血清白蛋白的相互作用变弱,配位诱导作用降低,静态猝灭作用变小,这种相互作用变弱的效应是由于水的分子团簇结构变化引起的。     

基于双透镜外腔结构的窄线宽可调谐半导体激光器

设计了一种具有独特双透镜外腔结构的可调谐窄线宽激光器,利用一个温控50 GHz的标准具提供ITU标准波长序列,通过一个压电陶瓷驱动的Fabry-Pérot可调谐滤波器选择一个标准波长实现单波长输出。实验结果表明:该激光器的调谐范围达到了1 525～1 580 nm,覆盖整个C波段,线宽为37.5 kHz,400 mA电流条件下的输出功率超过50 mW,边模抑制比超过50 dB,达到或超过相干通讯应用的要求和其他单片集成类器件的指标。另外,本结构具有位置容差大、调谐速度快(<3 ms)、易于实现超窄线宽以及波长微调等优点,待实现小型化和标准封装,其大规模应用将成为可能。     

Influence of the illumination on the subband structure and?occupation in AlxGa1?xN/GaN heterostructures

The subband structure and occupation in the triangular quantum well at Al _x Ga_1−x N/GaN heterointerfaces have been investigated by means of temperature dependent Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) measurements at low temperatures and high magnetic fields under illumination. After the illumination of the heterostructures, the total two-dimensional electron gas concentration increases, and the SdH oscillation amplitudes are enhanced when there is no additional subband occupation. It is also found that the energy separation between the subbands decreases after the illumination. We suggest that the illumination decreases the electric field and thus weakens the quantum confinement of the triangular quantum well at Al _x Ga_1−x N/GaN heterointerfaces. The GaN layer is thought to be the primary contributor of the excited electrons by the illumination.     

新大线同沟敷设热力分析

针对新大线同沟敷设管道,采用非结构化有限容积法,分析了不同的物性条件下,常温输送原油对加热输送原油的热力影响.     

Influence of environmental solution pH and microstructural parameters on mechanical behavior of amphoteric pH-sensitive hydrogels

Amphoteric hydrogels contain both ionizable acidic and basic groups attached on the polymer chains, which can change their volume in response to the slight alteration of the surrounding environmental p H. In this paper, a theory of equilibrium swelling of amphoteric p H-sensitive hydrogels which is an extension of the formalism proposed by Marcombe et al. and a new hybrid free-energy density function of amphoteric hydrogels composed of the Edwards-Vilgis slip-link model and the Flory-Huggins solution theory as well as the contributions of mixing the mobile ions with the solvent, and dissociating the acidic and basic groups are presented for the prediction of the influence of environmental solution p H, microstructural parameters and geometric constraints on mechanical behavior. The calculations were modeled on chitosan-genipin gels, and the results were compared to experimental data. Numerical calculations show that the model is able to predict the dependence of swelling on p H and crosslinker qualitatively well and quantitatively close to the experimental data. Each gel shows minimal swelling at low p H but an increase in swelling until a maximum was reached; for most of the p H range, a good fit was achieved except for where the maximum swelling occurs; for experimental data, the maximum swelling appears at about pH = 4 , but for modeled data the maximum swelling appears between pH = 4 and pH = 6 ; each gel swell decreasing with increasing crosslinker concentration was also successfully predicted. The calculated results also show that microstructural parameters and geometric constraints have a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of the amphoteric hydrogels; the gel swells less when the network is more densely entangled and the maximum swelling ratio of the gels under biaxial constraint is only about one-third of the maximum when the gels swell freely. The theory developed here is valuable for the design and optimization of a drug delivery system.     

原子吸收光谱法测定内蒙古典型草原长期施用有机肥对土壤锰组分影响

采用改进的BCR连续提取,利用原子吸收光谱法测定了内蒙古草地施用羊粪试验11年后土壤中Mn组分。试验设置5个处理,分别施干羊粪0,50,250,750和1 500 g·m-2·yr-1。结果表明,以四步加和法与强酸直接消煮法测定的全Mn含量作为回收率,各处理回收率为91.4%～105.9%,加标回收率为97.2%～102.9%。长期大量施有机肥可提高0～5 cm土层植物可利用的交换态Mn含量47.89%,但还原态Mn和全Mn含量显著下降。施肥对0～5 cm土层Mn形态影响大于5～10 cm土层。研究结果对于土壤微量元素形态测定及草地养分管理具有一定的参考价值。     

Ag掺杂对p型Pb0.5Sn0.5Te化合物热电性能的影响规律

采用熔融缓冷技术制备了不同Ag掺杂量的p型Ag_x(Pb_0.5Sn_0.5)_1-xTe化合物,系统地研究了Ag掺杂对所得材料的相组成、微结构及其热电传输性能.Ag的掺入显著增加了材料的空穴浓度,但是材料的空穴浓度远小于Ag作为单电子受主时理论空穴浓度,且在掺杂量为5%时未出现任何第二相,这表明Ag在可能进入晶格间隙位置而作为电子施主,起到补偿作用.随着Ag掺杂量的增加,样品的电导率逐渐增加,而Seebeck系数表现出复杂的变化趋势:在低于450 K时逐渐增加,而在温度大于450 K时逐渐降低,这主要源于材料复杂的价带结构.由于空穴浓度的优化和重空穴带的主导作用,1%Ag掺杂样品获得最大的功率因子,在750 K可达2.1 mW.m^-1.K^-2.此外,Ag的掺入引入的点缺陷大幅散射了传热声子,使得晶格热导率随着Ag掺量的增加逐渐降低.结果1%Ag掺杂样品在750 K时获得了最大的热电优值ZT=1.05,相比未掺样品提高了近50%,这一数值同商业应用的p型PbTe材料的性能相当.但是Sn取代显著降低了有毒重金属Pb的用量,这对PbTe基材料的商业化应用及其环境相适性具有重要意义.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池的基本性质测量

介绍了固体氧化物燃料电池的工作原理,测量了中温薄膜固体氧化物燃料电池的开路电压、放电曲线及功率曲线,并分析了电池内阻随电流密度的变化.     

基于动态溶胀法制备中空聚合物微球

以表面带正电荷的m级聚苯乙烯微球为种子,经过甲苯、二乙烯基苯溶胀,聚合与包覆等过程制备了直径约5 m的中空聚合物微球。研究了溶剂类型、溶剂用量对动态溶胀法制备的中空聚合物微球粒径、分布和结构的影响,讨论了中空聚合物微球的形成机理。结果表明:添加一定量甲苯、二甲苯等挥发性溶剂是动态溶胀法形成中空聚合物微球的前提;甲苯用量越多,溶胀后形成的中空结构越明显,孔径越大;选择低溶解性的二甲苯溶剂更有利于中空结构的形成。