Hydrogel composition based on carboxymethylcellulose and agar-agar

The results are given of a study of the rheological properties of concentrated solutions of CNC and agar-agar and the influence of their quantitative ratio on the anomalous flow behavior of their solutions. A hypothesis is put forward of the formation of intermolecular associates from CMC and agar-agar which leads to the formation of a stronger structural network of solutions of the initial polysaccharides.Institute of the Physics and Chemistry of Polymers, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (371) 1 44 26 61. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 357–361, May–June, 1998.     

Circulatory flow in the inter-jet zone of a system of free turbulent jets

Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, No. 4, pp. 97–99, July–August, 1993.     

Micron-image transfer system with brightness amplifier in gold-vapor laser

A gas-discharge gold-vapor laser on self-terminating transitions with operating wavelength λ=312.2 nm has been used to develop a highly efficient system for image transfer. An optical scheme and all its parameters have been chosen optimal for image quality. It has been found both theoretically and experimentally that the best results on micron-structure image transfer are obtained with 2–5-times image reduction. Various types of masks have been used. A 1-µm structure has been resolved due to the choice of optimal exposure time of 10 ms under a period of pulse repetition (0.6 – 0.8) ms; in this case, the minimal fringe dimension was ≈2 µm with an image dimension of 2 mm for a laser tube 1.8 cm in diameter.     

Theory of surface spin-exchange recombination of spin-polarized hydrogen

Calculations of the two-atom surface recombination rate for spinpolarized atomic hydrogen are carried out. Both the plane-wave Born approximation (PWBA) and the -dimensional distorted-wave model are employed. The field dependence forB=4 to 10 Tesla, and the temperature dependence for 0.2<T<1 K are examined for systems initially consisting of equal numbers ofa- andb-state atoms. The rates are analyzed with respect to para- and ortho-H₂ production, and to recombination to various vibrational and rotational states of H₂. The PWBA gives reasonable agreement with experiment with respect to the field-dependence and ortho-para production, but predicts an overall rate a factor of 40 above experiment. The -dimensional model underestimates the rate by a factor of 10³ and yields poorer agreement with experiment than the PWBA for the field-dependence and ortho-para production ratio. These results point out the need for a proper many-body treatment.     

Comparative cooperative game theory

Given two side-payment gamesv andw, both defined for the same finite player-setN, the following three welfare criteria are characterized in terms of the datav andw: (A) For everyy C(w) there existsx C(v) such thatyx; (A) For everyxC(v) there existsyC(w) such thatyx; and (B) There existyC(w) andxC(v) such thatyx. (HereC(v) denotes the core ofv.) Given two non-side-payment gamesv andw, sufficient conditions for the criteria (A) and (B) are established, by observing that an ordinal convex game has a large core.In memory of my teacher in Japan, Professor Ryuichi Watanabe, 1928–1986.     

Electron Emission from Clean Solid Surfaces by Fast Ions

Total backward electron yields from 27 elemental, non-crystalline, clean solids were measured during bombardment by H⁺-, H-, H-, He⁺- and Ar⁺-ions in the energy range from 100 keV to 800 keV. The yields were found to exhibit an oscillatory dependence on the atomic number of the target material correlated with the periods of the periodic system. These Z₂-oscillations are relatively insensitive to the type of projectile and the impact energy at the high projectile energies of this experiment. Present theories of electron emission cannot explain the main experimental results. The reasons for this failure are discussed.     

Random fields and quantum effects in proton glasses

The effects of quantum fluctuations on the proton glass phase in mixed hydrogen-bonded ferro-antiferroelectric systems are considered. The system is described in terms of the infinite-ranged Ising pseudospin glass model in a transverse tunneling field in the presence of random parallel fields. The stability limit of the high-temperature proton glass phase is determined within the thermofield dynamic approach, and the behavior or linear and nonlinear susceptibility is evaluated.