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81.
J. J. Whitmore F. Persi W. S. Toothacker P. A. Elcombe J. C. Hill W. W. Neale W. D. Walker W. Kowald P. Lucas L. Voyvodic R. Ammar D. Coppage R. Davis J. Gress S. Kanekal N. Kwak J. M. Bishop N. N. Biswas N. M. Cason V. P. Kenney M. C. K. Mattingly R. C. Ruchti W. D. Shephard 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1994,62(2):199-227
82.
K. Vakili Y.P. Shkolnikov E. Tutuc N.C. Bishop E.P. De Poortere M. Shayegan 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2006,34(1-2):89
We observe a strong dependence of the amplitude and field position of longitudinal resistivity (ρxx) peaks in the spin-resolved integer quantum Hall regime on the spin orientation of the Landau level (LL) in which the Fermi energy resides. The amplitude of a given peak is maximal when the partially filled LL has the same spin as the lowest LL, and amplitude changes as large as an order of magnitude are observed as the sample is tilted in field. In addition, the field position of both the ρxx peaks and plateau–plateau transitions in the Hall resistance shift depending on the spin orientation of the LLs. The spin dependence of the resistivity points to a new explanation for resistivity spikes, associated with first-order quantum Hall ferromagnetic transitions, that occur at the edges of quantum Hall states. 相似文献
83.
The overwintering strategy of Litoria ewingii in Otago, New Zealand, was studied under laboratory and field conditions. Microhabitat temperature measurements showed that the frogs were often exposed to subzero temperatures. In the laboratory, Litoria ewingii tolerated freezing for up to 6 hrs at -1 degrees C, and after the completion of the freezing event (about 1 hr) at -2 degrees C. Frogs frozen with insulation survived freezing for 12 hrs at -1 degrees C. Frogs supercooled to -1.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C and -1.7 +/- 0.3 degrees C on wet and dry substrates respectively. L. Ewingii tolerated up to 47.5% of its body water frozen. Plasma glucose levels and osmolality were not increased during freezing. It is concluded that l. Ewingii cannot avoid freezing and is sufficiently freeze tolerant to survive the subzero temperatures encountered during winter in Otago. 相似文献
84.
Olson Reichhardt CJ Reichhardt C Bishop AR 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2007,22(1):11-15
Motivated by recent experiments on colloidal systems with
competing attractive and repulsive interactions,
we simulate a two-dimensional system of colloids
with competing interactions that can undergo fragmentation.
In the absence of any
other confining potential, the colloids can form stable clusters
depending on the strength of the short range attractive term.
By suddenly changing the strength of one of the interaction
terms we
find a rich variety of fragmentation behavior which is affected
by the existence of “magic” cluster numbers.
Such soft matter systems can
be used to construct artificial nuclei. 相似文献
85.
A great number of studies have shown the complex nonlinear dynamics of mechanical systems with repeated normal impacts. An
oblique frictional impact introduces even more complicated dynamics such as stick-slip motions to those systems. Hence, the
dynamics of oblique vibro-impacting systems with possible sliding motion is an open problem. Based on a hybrid analysis of
vibro-impact dynamics, kinematics and complementary conditions, a piecewise analysis method is developed in the paper to describe
the sliding motion during an oblique impact. Thereby, a parametrically excited planar pendulum between two parallel rigid
walls is studied as an illustrative example. The example, together with the corresponding numerical results, shows that the
sliding impacts occur in such a system with a set of properly selected parameters.
The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59905010) and by the Scientific Research Foundation
for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education, China 相似文献
86.
We consider the application of topological methods (such as knot, braid and Nielsen-Thurston theory) to transient, rather than periodic, orbits of periodically-forced nonlinear oscillators. The methods are restricted to systems with a three-dimensional phase space.
Sommario Si considera l'applicazione di metodi topologici (basati sulle teorie dei nodi, delle trecce e di Nielsen-Thurston) allo studio delle orbite transitorie, piuttosto che stazionarie, di oscillatori nonlineari forzati periodicamente. Tali applicazioni sono ristrette a sistemi aventi spazio delle fasi tridimensionale.相似文献
87.
Troy N. Eichmann Timothy J. McIntyre Alexis I. Bishop Sosefo Vakata Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop 《Shock Waves》2007,16(4-5):299-307
Flow visualization experiments were performed for supersonic and hypersonic nitrogen test gas flows over a cylinder. The results
were used to quantify the influence of three-dimensional effects on optical line-of-sight visualization measurements. Images
of cylindrical models of varying aspect ratios (length to diameter) were taken. Shock stand-off distance measurements for
the models were compared with a two-dimensional approximation and numerical simulations. For aspect ratios of two and above,
the two-dimensional approximation was acceptable within experimental uncertainty. The measured shock stand-off decreased by
less than 5% from an asymptotic value for an infinite length cylinder. For smaller aspect ratios, a correction factor for
the shock stand-off needs to be applied if comparisons between the two-dimensional approximation and experimental measurements
are to be drawn. An estimate of this correction factor has been derived from an empirical fit to the available data.
相似文献
88.
Jason Ashmore Roger Bishop Donald C. Craig Marcia L. Scudder 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2011,71(3-4):297-302
The V-shaped racemic compound 4,12-dinitro-6,7,14,15-tetrahydro-6,14-methanocycloocta[1,2-b:5,6-b??]diquinoline 2 crystallises from solvents of differing water content as a centrosymmetric spheroidal hexamer in the form of a series of isostructural clusters (2)6·(water) x X-ray structures of these crystals in space group $ R\bar{3} $ show that they can exhibit an extent of hydration anywhere throughout the composition range x = 0 to 1. 相似文献
89.
Choi W Hashimoto M Ellerbee AK Chen X Bishop KJ Garstecki P Stone HA Whitesides GM 《Lab on a chip》2011,11(23):3970-3978
This paper describes the behavior of bubbles suspended in a carrier liquid and moving within microfluidic networks of different connectivities. A single-phase continuum fluid, when flowing in a network of channels, partitions itself among all possible paths connecting the inlet and outlet. The flow rates along different paths are determined by the interaction between the fluid and the global structure of the network. That is, the distribution of flows depends on the fluidic resistances of all channels of the network. The movement of bubbles of gas, or droplets of liquid, suspended in a liquid can be quite different from the movement of a single-phase liquid, especially when they have sizes slightly larger than the channels, so that the bubbles (or droplets) contribute to the fluidic resistance of a channel when they are transiting it. This paper examines bubbles in this size range; in the size range examined, the bubbles are discrete and do not divide at junctions. As a consequence, a single bubble traverses only one of the possible paths through the network, and makes a sequence of binary choices ("left" or "right") at each branching intersection it encounters. We designed networks so that, at each junction, a bubble enters the channel into which the volumetric flow rate of the carrier liquid is highest. When there is only a single bubble inside a network at a time, the path taken by the bubble is, counter-intuitively, not necessarily the shortest or the fastest connecting the inlet and outlet. When a small number of bubbles move simultaneously through a network, they interact with one another by modifying fluidic resistances and flows in a time dependent manner; such groups of bubbles show very complex behaviors. When a large number of bubbles (sufficiently large that the volume of the bubbles occupies a significant fraction of the volume of the network) flow simultaneously through a network, however, the collective behavior of bubbles-the fluxes of bubbles through different paths of the network-can resemble the distribution of flows of a single-phase fluid. 相似文献
90.
Anthony JM Garrett 《Contemporary Physics》2013,54(2):163-165
The dynamic electronic structure of atoms and molecules can be directly observed by means of the (e, 2e) reaction, which measures the distribution of energies and momenta of two electrons in coincidence after a knockout reaction initiated by an electron beam of known momentum incident on a molecular gas target. The molecular state for each event is identified by the electron separation energy. The recoil momentum for each event is known from the difference of measured initial and final momenta. It has been verified that values of this momentum are equal under suitable conditions to the momentum of the electron in the target immediately before knockout. Thus the spherically-averaged electron momentum distribution for each molecular orbital is measured. This is directly related to molecular orbitals calculated by the methods of quantum chemistry. Properties obtained by this method for different types of molecules are discussed. 相似文献