Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of labetalol hydrochloride in pure and dosage forms

Simple and sensitive Spectrophotometric methods for the determination of labetalol hydrochloride are described. The first two are based on the oxidative coupling reaction of labetalol hydrochloride withp-N,N-dimethyl-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (method A, _max 685 nm) and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride (method B, _max 545 nm) in the presence of sodium hypochlorite and eerie ammonium sulphate as oxidants, respectively. The third depends on the formation of an ion-association complex of labetalol hydrochloride with suprachen violet 3B at pH 1.3, which is extracted into chloroform (method C, _max 565 nm). The methods obey Beer's law and the precision and accuracy of the methods were checked against the B.P. reference method and the relative standard deviations were in the range 0.35–0.52%. These methods are applied to the determination of labetalol in dosage forms.     

Kinetics and mechanism of the anation of (αβ)-hydroxo(tetraethylenepentamine)cobalt(III) by thiosulfate, the base hydrolysis of the (sulfur-bonded) thiosulfato(tetraethylenepentamine)-cobalt(III) and photochemistry of oxygen and sulfur-bonded thiosulfato complexes

Summary The reaction of ()-(tetren)CoOH²⁺ with S₂O ₃ ^2- in the 7.25–8.28 pH range at 20–40 °C yielded S- (yellow) and O- (purple) bonded thiosulfato(tetren)cobalt(III) complexes, the former in larger quantities. The rate determining step is preceded by diffusion-controlled ion-pair [(tetren)CoOH²⁺,S₂O ₃ ^2- ] formation. Replacement of coordinated OH^- by S₂O ₃ ^2- is interpreted in terms of an internal conjugate base mechanism: (tetren)CoOH²⁺ (tetren-H)CoOH ₂ ²⁺ , the reactive amido conjugate base being generated by intramolecular proton transfer from the coordinated NH site.In acid medium the S-bonded (tetren)Co(S₂O₃)⁺ is highly stable to redox decomposition, in contrast to its pentaammine analogue. The complex however, undergoes base hydrolysis yielding the corresponding hydroxo complex. The rate and activation parameters for the base hydrolysis have been reported. Photolysis of O- and S-bonded isomers of [(tetren)CoS₂O₃]⁺ in acidic medium at 254 and 313 nm, respectively, yielded aquation products accompanied by some decomposition of S₂O ₃ ^2- .     

Electroweak tests with τ leptons at LEP

We report on two sensitive tests of lepton universality carried out by the 4 LEP experiments at the Z⁰ pole. From measurements of the τ polarization in e⁺ e^?→τ ⁺ τ ^?, the ratios of the vector and axial vector coupling constants of the electron and the tau lepton to the weak neutral current are obtained to beg _{v e} /g _{a e} =0.066±0.015 andg _{V τ} /g _{A τ} =0.070±0.009 respectively. From measurement of the τ lifetime and the τ leptonic branching ratios, the ratio of the coupling constants describing weak leptonic decays of the τ and the μ is measured to beG _τ /G _μ =0.996±0.008.     

The growth of crystalline vapor deposited carbon-60 thin films

Thin films (25-2500 Å) of C₆₀ molecules have been deposited on both (001) NaCl and mica substrates at varying temperatures by resistive evaporation. Both electron diffraction and high resolution microscopy have been used to assess the degree of crystallinity, the orientational ordering and the nature of the defects present in these face-centered-cubic films. For NaCl, optimum conditions yielded polycrystalline films with a tendency towards a 110 orientation, while for mica, extended single crystal films have been fabricated which exhibit a 111 direction normal to the film surface.     

Evaluation of the quality of colour changes of complexometric indicators in the titration of copper (II) with EDTA by tristimulus colorimetry

The quality of colour changes of the indicators hematoxylin, 4(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR), xylenol orange, pyrocatechol violet, chromazurolS and eriochrome cyanineR in the complexometric titration of copper(II) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were studied with the help of tristimulus colorimetry, utilising a comparative study of the parameters SCD (specific colour discrimination), CIE La^*b^* 1976 and LABHNU 1977. Hematoxylin was found to be the best indicator among those studied. A screened indicator, viz. PAR + malachite green (52), was developed to enhance the quality of colour transition at the end-point and the accuracy of the titrimetric determination.     

Helical water chains in aquapores of organic hexahost: remarkable halogen-substitution effect on the handedness of water helix

Water helices surrounding the nano-channels of trichlorophloroglucinol and tribromophloroglucinol have different handedness, PMPMPM and PPPMMM (P = right-handed, M = left-handed), depending on halogenhalogen interactions between the host molecules.     

Carbene chemistry. Part 13 [1]. Preparation of sole fluoroallenes by a carbene route,and the reaction of allenes with halogenocarbenes

Fluoroallene and 1, 3-difluoroallene are prepared in good overall yield by the addition of dichlorocarbene to vinyl fluoride and 1, 2-difluoroethylene respectively, followed by pyrolysis of the dichlorocyclopropanes and treatment of the resulting dichloropropenes with zinc. Pyrolysis of 1, 1-dichloro-2-fluorocyclopropane over zinc gives fluoroallene directly.The reaction of allene with 2, 2, 3-trifluoro-3-trifluoro- methyloxiran at 180°C as a source of difluorocarbene gives both 1, 1-difluoro-2-methylenecyclopropane and its rearrangement product 1-(difluoromethylene)cyclopropane, the latter reacting more readily with a second difluorocarbene to give 2, 2, 3, 3- tetrafluorospiropentane. In an analogous way, fluoroallene reacts with dichlorocarbene, generated from trifluoro(trichloromethyl) silane at 140°C, to give $\text{E}$- and $\text{Z}$-1, 1-dichloro-2- (fluoromethylene)cyclopropane, 1-(dichloromethylene)-2-fluorocyclopropane, and 2, 2, 3, 3-tetrachloro-4-fluorospiropentane.