Measurement and prediction of solubilities and diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide in starch–water mixtures at elevated pressures

The solubility and diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide in intermediate‐moisture starch–water mixtures were determined both experimentally and theoretically at elevated pressures up to 16 MPa at 50 °C. A high‐pressure decay sorption system was assembled to measure the equilibrium CO₂ mass uptake by the starch–water system. The experimentally measured solubilities accounted for the estimated swollen volume by Sanchez–Lacombe equation of state (S‐L EOS) were found to increase almost linearly with pressure, yielding 4.0 g CO₂/g starch–water system at 16 MPa. Moreover, CO₂ solubilities above 5 MPa displayed a solubility increase, which was not contributed by the water fraction in the starch–water mixture. The solubilities, however, showed no dependence on the degree of gelatinization (DG) of starch. The diffusion coefficient of CO₂ was found to increase with concentration of dissolved CO₂, which is pressure‐dependent, and decrease with increasing DG in the range of 50–100%. A free‐volume‐based diffusion model proposed by Areerat was employed to predict the CO₂ diffusivity in terms of pressure, temperature, and the concentration of dissolved CO₂. S‐L EOS was once more used to determine the specific free volume of the mixture system. The predicted diffusion coefficients showed to correlate well with the measured values for all starch–water mixtures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 607–621, 2006     

A highly sensitive and rapid assay for protein determination in human urine and penicillin using a Rayleigh light-scattering technique with benzeneazo-8-acetylamino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid sodium salt.

A simple and sensitive method was conducted for the determination of trace amounts of proteins with benzeneazo-8-acetylamino-1-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid sodium salt (azophloxine, AP) using a Rayleigh light-scattering (RLS) technique. At pH 2.60 and in the presence of an emulsifier OP microemulsion, the RLS of AP can be greatly enhanced by proteins, owing to the interaction between AP and protein. The enhanced intensity is proportional to the concentration of proteins. Four proteins, including bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA), lysozyme (Lys) and gamma globulin (gamma-G) have been tested. For example, the linear range of BSA was 0 - 0.06 microg mL(-1) with detection limits of 2.38 ng mL(-1). The method was applied to the analysis of protein in human urine and penicillin samples with satisfactory results. The relative standard deviation was in all instances less than 4.0%, and the recovery was in the range of 97.5 - 104%.     

Local chemical distribution and electronic structure of Ge1−xTx DMS single crystals (T=Cr,Mn, Fe)

The spatial concentration distribution and local electronic structure of ferromagnetic Ge_1−xT_x (T=Cr, Mn, Fe) DMS single crystals have been investigated by using scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and photoemission spectroscopy (PES). It is found that doped T ions in Ge_1−xT_x crystals are chemically phase-separated, suggesting that the observed ferromagnetism arises from the phase-separated T-rich phases in Ge_1−xT_x.     

电荷量子比特与量子化光场之间的纠缠

研究了初态为混合态的电荷量子比特与量子化光场之间的纠缠.通过求解系统的concurrence下限, 研究初态的混合度λ和失谐量Δ对系统纠缠随时间演化的影响. 在弱场中, 电荷量子比特初始是激发态的系统, 其纠缠度远远大于电荷量子比特初始是基态的系统, 并且Δ对系统的纠缠有明显的抑制作用. 在强场中, 电荷量子比特初始分别为激发态和基态时系统的纠缠演化接近一致, 初态混合度最高时系统的纠缠度最小, 并且Δ对系统纠缠的影响变弱. 关键词： 约瑟夫森结 纠缠 混合态 concurrence下限     

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用TSC程序模拟了EAST装置等离子体放电的全过程。模拟中考虑了自举电流，并加入了离子回旋共振加热ICRH和快波电流驱动FWCD，得到了中心电子温度4.5keV、中心离子温度3.8keV、中心电子密度1.2×1020m–3的D形截面的等离子体。根据模拟结果对EAST装置进行了伏秒数分析，并研究了不同等离子体电流上升时间、有效电荷数Zeff对放电的影响。     

具有HfN/HfO2栅结构的p型MOSFET中的负偏置-温度不稳定性研究

研究了HfN/HfO₂高K栅结构p型金属-氧化物-半导体(MOS)晶体管(MOSFET)中，负 偏置-温度应力引起的阈值电压不稳定性(NBTI)特征.HfN/HfO₂高K栅结构的等效 氧化层厚度(EOT)为1.3nm，内含原生缺陷密度较低.研究表明，由于所制备的HfN/HfO₂ 高K栅结构具有低的原生缺陷密度，因此在p-MOSFET器件中观察到的NBTI属HfN/HfO2高K栅结构的本征特征，而非工艺缺陷引起的；进一步研究表明，该HfN/HfO₂高K栅结构中观察到的NBTI与传统的SiO₂基栅介质p-MOSFET器件中观察 到的NBTI具有类似的特征，可以被所谓的反应-扩散(R-D)模型表征： HfN/HfO₂ 栅结构p-MOSFET器件的NBTI效应的起源可以归为衬底注入空穴诱导的界面反应机理，即在负 偏置和温度应力作用下，从Si衬底注入的空穴诱导了Si衬底界面Si-H键断裂这一化学反应的 发生，并由此产生了Si^＋陷阱在Si衬底界面的积累和H原子在介质层内部的扩散 ，这种Si^＋陷阱的界面积累和H原子的扩散导致了器件NBTI效应的发生. 关键词： 高K栅介质 负偏置-温度不稳定性(NBTI) 反应-扩散(R-D)模型     

High-precision Monte Carlo test of the conformai-invariance predictions for two-dimensional mutually avoiding walks

Let _l be the critical exponent associated with the probability thatl independentN-step ordinary random walks, starting at nearby points, are mutually avoiding. Using Monte Carlo methods combined with a maximum-likelihood data analysis, we find that in two dimensions ₂=0.6240±0.0005±0.0011 and ₃=1.4575±0.0030±0.0052, where the first error bar represents systematic error due to corrections to scaling (subjective 95% confidence limits) and the second error bar represents statistical error (classical 95% confidence limits). These results are in good agreement with the conformal-invariance predictions ₂=5/8 and ₃=35/24.     

激发态卟啉衍生物研究(Ⅶ)——取代基对卟啉—硝基苯化合物发光特性的影响

本文报导共价链相连的X-P-Y“三合板”型化合物在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和苯溶液中的发光特性.结果发现:引入取代基X=Cl—,CH3O—和Y=苯、硝基苯对中心卟啉的吸收和荧光光谱均无明显影响,仅其峰值频率将因溶剂不同而有所偏移.此外,由Cl—取代的卟啉—苯的荧光强度总比CH3O—取代时高;若将Y取代基由苯改换为硝基苯时,将使CH3O—P—Y化合物的荧光增强,但在Cl—P—Y化合物中则出现相反的趋势.不论在何种化合物中,在Y取代基中的苯环上引入NO2—基后,均可使其消光系数减小,而且当硝基在邻位取代时,这一效应更为显著.所有这些变化规律均不因溶剂不同而异.如果我们认为X—P—Y化合物的发光强度变化和其中心的卟啉大环上的π电子云密度偏移有规律性的关联,那么上述的一些取代基效应是可以理解的.进而,我们认为:本文所报导的事实将有助于充实巧妙设计高效利用太阳能的分子体系的科学依据.