刺激响应型肽自组装及其应用

肽自组装体由于具有结构稳定、易调控、生物相容性好、可生物降解等优点,在构筑新型材料及生物医药领域表现出了巨大潜力。本文介绍了肽自组装的概念、机理和应用,详细归纳了刺激响应型肽自组装的研究进展;按照刺激源的不同将刺激响应型肽自组装分为pH响应型肽自组装、温度响应型肽自组装、溶剂响应型肽自组装、光响应型肽自组装、超声波响应型肽自组装以及离子响应型肽自组装;列举了肽自组装在药物控释、脊髓损伤修复、仿酶催化、生物模板等领域的应用。最后,基于目前肽自组装存在的一些问题(如影响肽自组装结构的外界因素不易精准把控、自组装的研究与生命科学领域的交叉程度低等)对肽自组装的发展做了展望。     

基于蛋白模板金纳米簇及羟基氧化钴纳米片的激活型荧光纳米探针用于免标记和灵敏检测生物硫醇

该文基于牛血清白蛋白模板金纳米簇（BSA@AuNCs）与羟基氧化钴（CoOOH）纳米片构建了一种激活型荧光纳米探针用于生物硫醇的检测。带负电的BSA@AuNCs能通过静电吸附作用组装到带正电的CoOOH纳米片表面,与此同时,BSA@AuNCs的荧光由于内滤效应（IFE）有效地被CoOOH纳米片猝灭,形成BSA@AuNCs－CoOOH纳米探针。当向纳米探针溶液加入生物硫醇（0.05～150 μmol/L）时,生物硫醇与纳米探针中的CoOOH纳米片发生氧化还原反应,CoOOH纳米片被降解生成Co2+,同时释放出BSA@AuNCs,BSA@AuNCs荧光信号恢复。结果表明,该纳米探针可以检测低浓度的生物硫醇,对生物硫醇（半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽和高半胱氨酸）的检出限为30 nmol/L。相对于其他的氨基酸、金属离子及糖类化合物,该纳米探针对生物硫醇具有较高的选择性并成功应用于人血清样品中生物硫醇的检测。     

质子交换膜燃料电池铂基催化剂研究进展北大核心CSCD

燃料电池是一种将化学能直接转化为电能的能量转换装置,具有能量密度高、利用率高、清洁安静等优点。在不同类型的燃料电池中,质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)不仅能量密度高,而且具有在近常温条件下工作的特点,因此受到广泛关注。目前,商业化PEMFC仍采用铂基纳米材料作为催化剂,其中缺乏低成本、高效的阴极催化剂是限制PEMFC性能提升和成本降低的关键因素之一。本文综述PEMFC催化剂的结构可控制备及其对阴极氧还原反应和膜电极性能的影响,阐述调控催化剂结构提高PEMFC性能的方法,特别是提高贵金属催化剂的利用率,降低膜电极中贵金属用量的研究进展。     

SCN掺杂提高CsPbI3胶体量子点的稳定性和光探测性能

无机卤化物钙钛矿CsPbI₃胶体量子点因其优越的光电性能在光伏和发光器件领域中表现出极大的发展前景。然而,CsPbI₃较差的稳定性阻碍了实际应用。为此,我们采用SCN?离子掺杂CsPbI₃(SCN-CsPbI₃)量子点用于提高量子点的光学性能和稳定性。研究表明,SCN?离子掺杂不仅减少了量子点缺陷、改善了光学性能,还提高了Pb-X键能、量子点结晶质量以及钙钛矿结构稳定性。结果表明,SCN-CsPbI₃量子点的荧光量子产率(PLQY)超过90%,远高于未掺杂原始样品(PLQY为68%)。高的荧光量子产率表明量子点具有较低的缺陷态密度,这归咎于缺陷的减少。空间限制电荷和时间分辨荧光光谱等研究也证实SCN?离子掺杂减少了量子点的缺陷。此外,SCN-CsPbI₃量子点展现出很好的抗水性能,其荧光强度在水中浸泡4 h后依然保持85%的初始值。而未掺杂原始样品的荧光性能很快消失,这是因为水诱导其相变。基于SCN-CsPbI₃量子点的光电探测器表现出宽波域响应(400–700 nm),高的响应率(90 mA·W^?1)和超过1011 Jones的探测度,远高于未掺杂原始量子点探测器的性能(响应率为60 mA·W^?1和探测度为1010 Jones)。     

Improved Polysaccharide Production in Submerged Culture of Ganoderma lucidum by the Addition of Coixenolide

Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum have various bioactivities and have been widely used as nutraceuticals and functional foods. Coixenolide was added into the media to enhance the production of mycelia biomass and polysaccharides in the submerged culture of G. lucidum in this work. The results showed that when a level of 0.2 % coixenolide was added at day 1, the biomass, exopolysaccharide, and intracellular polysaccharide reached 5.224, 0.222, and 0.399 g l^?1, respectively, which were 1.39-fold, 2.58-fold, and 2.24-fold compared to that of control. Analysis of the fermentation kinetics of G. lucidum suggested that glucose concentration in the coixenolide-added group decreased more quickly as compared to the control group from days 3 to 9 of the fermentation process, and the polysaccharides biosynthesis were promoted at the same culture period. However, the culture pH profile was not affected by the addition of coixenolide. Enzyme activities analysis indicated that coixenolide affected the synthesis level of phosphoglucose isomerase and α-phosphoglucomutase.     

微管蛋白聚合抑制剂OXi8006的合成新方法

2-(3'-羟基-4'-甲氧基苯基)-3-(3",4",5"-三甲氧基苯甲酰基)-6-甲氧基吲哚(OXi8006)能够有效抑制微管蛋白聚合,而表现出良好抗癌活性.目前报道的OXi8006全合成路线较长、总收率低,且反应条件苛刻.为了更高效地合成该化合物,从而为进一步的活性和构效关系研究提供原料.以廉价易得的异香兰素为起始原料,先合成芳基乙炔,再与3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲醛通过亲核加成、氧化反应获得二芳基炔酮、二芳基炔酮再与邻碘代苯胺通过杂迈克尔加成和分子内Heck反应构建出OXi8006的主体结构——2-芳基-3-芳酰基取代吲哚,从而缩短了合成路线,并使总收率提高到20%.     

The structure and electronic property of the smallest C20‐glycine and Gd‐encapsulated C20‐glycine derivatives with potentially biological activity

Theoretical calculations on interaction of the C₂₀ fullerene (consists solely by pentagons) with the smallest amino acid (glycine) were carried out using density‐functional theory method. The glycine molecule energetically prefers to interact with the Top‐site on the C₂₀ cage via its amino nitrogen (N) active site. The stable ordering of three active sites on glycine molecule is NH₂‐site > O‐site > OH‐site. Moreover, when the Gd atom is encapsulated to the center of C₂₀‐glycine, the cage volume obviously increase ～24.8%; and the endohedral atom induces the generation of two strong bands in the partial density of states spectra, which could cause the effect on optical properties. Additionally, it is also found that the modified C₂₀‐glycine derivative by Gd atom can reduce the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities. It could be expected that the study may provide a theoretical reference in exploring their intrinsic feature structurally to antitumor activity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Transesterification of Soybean Oil Catalyzed by Calcium Hydroxide which Obtained from Hydrolysis Reaction of Calcium Carbide

Calcium carbide residue (CCR) was investigated in transesterification reaction of triglycerides to determine its viability as a solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis. Literature survey showed that CCR has never been studied as a solid catalyst in the transesterification of triglyceride. The scope of the study includes the effects of CCR calcination temperature, calcination time, the alcohol/oil molar ratio, the catalyst amount (wt % of oil) and the reaction time. The relationship between chemical composition and catalytic activity of waste cement was also investigated. These CCR catalysts, thermally activated at 600 °C, can give rise to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) purity higher than 99.5%, after 3 h of reaction, when oil/methanol molar ratio of 1/12 and 1 wt % of the catalyst were employed. Application of CCR as catalyst for biodiesel production in this study may not only provide a cost‐effective and environment friendly way of recycling CCR waste but also reduce hopefully the cost of biodiesel production.     

含1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮席夫碱的新型1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶衍生物的合成及生物活性研究

以2-苄硫基-5-甲基-7-羟基-1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶为原料,经醚化、肼解、成盐、关环和席夫碱反应合成了20个新型的含1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮席夫碱的1,2,4-三唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶类化合物,通过IR,1H NMR,MS和元素分析对所合成的化合物进行了结构表征.初步生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物表现出一定的抑菌或较好的抗烟草花叶病毒(TMV)活性.在500μg/mL浓度下,化合物6b,6f和6p对TMV的抑制率分别为41%,43%和40%.     

甲烷在Li-Ln-MgO氧化物上催化氧化偶联

近年来,对天然气的综合利用已逐渐为人们所重视。甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯、乙烷这一新课题受到催化工作者愈来愈多的关注^[1~5]。本工作初步探讨了Li-Ln-MgO三元氧化物催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联反应的催化性能。添加稀土元素可使C₂的选择性、单收明显提高。本催化剂体系制备简单、原料便宜,值得进一步开发研究。