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111.
Since its introduction, click chemistry has received a considerable amount of interest. In this contribution, the term click chemistry and the reactions that fall under this term are briefly explained. The main focus of this review is on the application of click chemistry in conjunction with living radical polymerization for the synthesis of advanced macromolecular architectures. Therefore the most powerful living radical polymerization (LRP) techniques are discussed and an overview of click chemistry in the different synthetic schemes is given. A large number of examples are shown that include the synthesis of block copolymers, star-shaped polymers, surface modified particles, and polymer-protein conjugates. The enormous potential of LRP/click chemistry is probably best exemplified by the synthesis of different miktoarm star copolymers, to which a separate section is dedicated. 相似文献
112.
Zincated pyridazin-3(2H)-ones generated via bromine-magnesium exchange followed by transmetalation using ZnCl(2) or via lactam-directed ortho C4-H zincation with TMPZnCl·LiCl have been synthesized. These in situ created organometallics can be used in Negishi reactions with iodo(hetero)arenes delivering a new approach toward (hetero)arylpyridazin-3(2H)-ones. 相似文献
113.
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115.
Mijovilovich A Hamman S Thomas F de Groot FM Weckhuysen BM 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(13):5600-5604
X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) crossover peaks were shown to be sensitive to the protonation state of solvent molecules in the Zn protein carbonic anhydrase and its model compounds. Here we extend such studies to galactose oxidase models i.e. Cu(ii) open d-shell systems, illustrating that XES combined with FEFF8 simulations reflect changes in the protonation state of the phenolate ligand for the copper center. 相似文献
116.
Bert Fassbender 《Journal of Graph Theory》1989,13(6):697-702
Let G be a simple non-hamiltonian graph, let C be a longest cycle in G, and let p be a positive integer. By considering a special form of connectivity, we obtain a sufficient condition on degrees for the nonexistence of (p - 1)-path-connected components in G - C. 相似文献
117.
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119.
We investigate the tail behavior of the sojourn-time distribution for a request of a given length in an M/G/1 Processor-Sharing
(PS) queue. An exponential asymptote is proven for general service times in two special cases: when the traffic load is sufficiently
high and when the request length is sufficiently small. Furthermore, using the branching process technique we derive exact
asymptotics of exponential type for the sojourn time in the M/M/1 queue. We obtain an equation for the asymptotic decay rate
and an exact expression for the asymptotic constant. The decay rate is studied in detail and is compared to other service
disciplines. Finally, using numerical methods, we investigate the accuracy of the exponential asymptote.
AMS 2000 Subject Classifications Primary:60K25,Secondary: 60F10,68M20,90B22 相似文献
120.
Bert Lutz Jan A. Kanters John van der Maas Jan Kroon Thomas Steiner 《Journal of Molecular Structure》1998,440(1-3)
Structural and IR-spectroscopic evidence is given that directed contacts from terminal alkynes to C=C double bonds possess the essential characteristics of weak hydrogen bonds. The contacts are directed at the center of the π-bond rather than at one of the individual C-atoms. The contact distances from H to the center of the C=C bond are typically 2.8 Å, with the shortest distances being 2.5 Å. The interaction is of pronounced long-range nature and can be detected in the infrared spectrum even with a long H…π distance of almost 3.0 Å. The sample used is mainly composed of ethynyl steroids belonging to the progestine family. 相似文献