The NE detector for a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment

The project of a large underground experiment, N^OE (Neutrino Oscillation Experiment), composed by modules of scintillating fiber calorimeter interleaved with TRD modules, total weight 6.7 ktons, is presented. This apparatus has been optimized for long baseline neutrino oscillation studies, in particular to be sensitive in the region of sin² 2θ and Δm² suggested by the atmospheric neutrino anomaly (fig. 3).     

Designing local orthogonal bases on finite groups I: Abelian case

We extend to general finite groups a well-known relation used for checking the orthogonality of a system of vectors as well as for orthogonalizing a nonorthogonal one. This, in turn, is used for designing local orthogonal bases obtained by unitary transformations of a single prototype filter. The first part of this work considers abelian groups. The second part considers nonabelian groups where, as an example, we show how to build such bases where the group of unitary transformations consists of modulations and rotations. These bases are useful for building systems for evaluating image quality.     

The Coupling Constants for an Electroweak Model with an SU(4)PS\otimes SU(4)EW Unification Symmetry

We introduce the sequence of spontaneous symmetry breaking of a coupling between Pati-Salam and electroweak symmetries SU(4)_PS\otimes SU(4)_EW in order to establish a mathematically consistent relation among the coupling constants at grand unification energy scale. With the values of baryon minus lepton quantum numbers of known quarks and leptons, by including right-handed neutrinos, we can find the mixing angle relations at different energy levels up to the electromagnetic U(1)_EM scale.     

Coherent radiation generation in (7.9÷8.7) μm and (11÷14) μm regions by rotational raman scattering in deuterium

Summary Stimulated rotational Raman scattering of CO₂ laser radiation in ortho-D₂ provides a high-power coherent source in the infrared region from 11 to 14 μm. A peak output energy of ≃1 J has been obtained for a pump energy of 4.0 J. Threshold energies have been compared with those of para-H₂ measured in the same apparatus and experiment scaling factors are discussed.

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Riassunto Lo scattering Raman rotazionale stimolato della radiazione laser a CO₂ in orto-deuterio fornisce una sorgente coerente di alta potenza nella regione dell'infrarosso tra 11 e 14 μm. Con un'energia di pompa dell'ordine di 4 J si ottiene un'energia di 1 J. Le energie di soglia sono state confrontate con quelle del para-idrogeno, misurate nello stesso apparato, e i fattori di scala sperimentali sono discussi.

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Резюме Вынужденное вращательное Рамановское рассеяние излучения CO₂ лазера в орто-D₂ представляет когерентный источник высокой интенсивности в инфракрасной области от 11 до 14 мкм. Получается максимум энергии на выходе ≃1 Дж для энергии накачки 4.0 Дж. Пороговые энергии сравниваются с данными, измеренными той же аппаратурой, в случае пара-H₂. Обсуждаются экспериментальные масштабные факторы.

     

13C NMR spectra of benzodiazepinones: Application to isomeric structure determination

A ¹³C NMR study of a number of substituted 1,5-benzodiazepin-2-ones has been carried out, and shows that this technique is one of the rare spectroscopic methods which allows an unambiguous identification of the number and nature of the isomers formed in the condensation of a β-ketoester with a substituted O-phenylenediamine.     

Focusing effects in nonlinear resonant four-wave mixing (RFWM) MIR and FIR generation

Summary The influence of pump beam geometry in a NH₃ superradiant Raman FIR laser with RFWM generation of MIR emission has been analysed. We have observed that, in general, MIR radiation is emitted in a stimulated configuration, so pump and MIR beam overlap is basically important to exhibit an efficient RFWM. In particular, strong focusing, also in the presence of self-focusing, shows a lowering of the threshold of Raman FIR emission, as expected, plus a reduction of RFWM MIR emission. COMB-Arrich., CRE Frascati.     

Nucleosides and Nucleotides. Part 17. A simple preparation of protected deoxynucleoside-3'-phosphates

A simple method for the preparation of fully protected 2′-deoxynucleoside-3′-phosphates is described. The main step, phosphorylation of partially protected deoxynucleosides, is performed with the monofunctional reagent p-chlorophenyl (2-cyanoethyl) phosphochloridate³) ( 2 ) in dioxane. This reagent is quickly prepared from readily accessible p-chlorophenyl phosphodichloridate by reaction with 3-hydroxypropionitrile and triethylamine in dioxane or ether. The crude reagent is used directly for phosphorylation. After chromatography, protected deoxynucleoside-3′-phosphates were isolated in yields of 80–87%. The method described here, which has been optimized in detail, represents a simple alternative to published methods.     

Embedding methods for poly(l-lactic acid) microfiber mesh/human mesenchymal stem cell constructs

Fiber mesh scaffolds were recently investigated in tissue engineering as possible support for stem cell growth and differentiation, in order to repair lesion areas in clinical practice. In particular, the literature is focused on fiber mesh scaffolds constituted of biocompatible and resorbable polymeric structures, like poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA). However, as regards the study of constructs constituted of PLLA microfibers and cells, only quantitative and SEM analyses were reported, lacking histological analysis. Histological evaluation of these constructs could give important information about cellular distribution in the scaffold, cell–scaffold interactions and extracellular matrix production. The purpose of our study was to find a valid method to analyze PLLA microfiber/cell constructs from both histological and histochemical angles. Biodegradable non-woven fiber meshes were prepared using hollow microfibers, based on PLLA.We first evaluated different embedding methods useable for histological analysis and the results showed that among the paraffin, Killik, and acrylic resin the only suitable medium was the latter. Then we employed the acrylic resin to embed the constructs made up of PLLA microfibers and bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stromal cells, which we then analyzed with Toluidine Blue, PAS and Alcian Blue staining. These constructs, previously analyzed for cell viability by MTT and CCK-8 tests, showed viable/proliferating cells until 6 weeks of culture. The stainings performed on constructs confirmed viability data obtained with SEM and MTT/CCK-8 and supplied other information on the cell behaviors such as the distribution and organization onto the scaffold and the production of extracellular matrix molecules. In conclusion, this methodological study mainly suggests a suitable method to analyze PLLA microfiber/cell constructs, at the same time confirming and enriching the literature data on the compatibility between PLLA microfibers and hMSCs.