Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2‐substituted‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐propoxy‐1H‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphole 2‐Oxides

Several 2‐alkylcarbamato/thiocarbamato/aryloxy/trichloromethyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐5‐propoxy‐1H‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaphosphole 2‐oxides ( 4 and 6 ) were synthesised by reacting 4‐propoxy‐o‐phenylenediamine ( 1 ) with various N‐dichlorophosphinyl carbamates ( 3 ), aryl phosphorodichloridates ( 5a‐f ) and trichloromethyl phosphonic dichloride ( 5g ) in the presence of triethylamine at 45‐65 °C. Their ir, ¹H, ¹³C, ³¹P nmr and mass spectral data are discussed. The compounds were screened for antifungal activity against Curvularia lunata and Aspergillus niger and for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Most of these compounds exhibited moderate activity in the assays.     

Film-Forming Aminocellulose Derivatives as Enzyme-Compatible Support Matrices for Biosensor Developments

Based on 6(2)-O-tosyl celluloses and 6(2)-O-tosylcellulose derivatives, it has been possible to synthesize a novel soluble aminocellulose type, P-CH2-NH-(X)-NH2 (P=cellulose, (X)=alkylene, aryl, aralkylene or oligoamine) with diamine or oligoamine residues at C6 and solubilizing groups (S) such as acetate, benzoate, carbanilate, methoxy and/or tosylate groups at C2/C3 of the anhydroglucose unit (AGU). Depending on the nature and degree of substitution (DS) of (S), the aminocelluloses are soluble either in DMA and DMSO or in water. They all form transparent films from their solutions. In the case of water-soluble aminocelluloses, for example, an enzyme-specific pH value can be adjusted by protonation of the NH2 end groups at C6. The aminocelluloses apparently form aggregates (on a scale of nanostructures) according to a structure-inherent organization principle. The nanostructures could be imaged on the aminocellulose film surface by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the form of characteristic topographic structures – as a result of the aggregation of the aminocellulose derivative chains and their interaction with the functionalized film support. In this way, structural and environment-induced factors influencing the nanostructure formation were found. The aminocellulose films can be covalently coupled with biomolecules by bifunctional reaction via NH2-reactive compounds. With the aid of analytically relevant enzymes, e.g. glucose oxidase (GOD), horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and others, it was found that the enzyme parameters can be modified by the interplay of the aminocellulose and coupling structures. A number of new bifunctional enzyme coupling reactions, e.g. via L-ascorbic acid or benzenedisulfonyl chlorides, forming amide or sulfonamide coupling structures led to efficient enzyme activities and long-term stabilities in the case of GOD and HRP coupling to PDA cellulosetosylate films.     

Fast Reactions in Polymer Syntheses

Specific features of fast polymerization processes necessitate use of new highly productive com- pact plug-flow tubular turbulent reactors. Theoretical examination of turbulent mixing in the reaction zone is made, allowing control of fast polymerization in polymer synthesis.     

Intensification of gas-liquid processes in tubular turbulent apparatus

The fundamental aspects of intensification of the mass transfer in gas-liquid flows in tubular turbulent apparatus are revealed, and dependences of the gas absorption rate on the reactor geometry and method of reagent introduction are considered for the example of dissolution of atmospheric oxygen in water.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 77, No. 11, 2004, pp. 1840–1843.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Zakharov, Minsker, Shevlyakov, Berlin, Aleksanyan, Rytov, Konoplev.     

Self-assembled monolayers and electrostatically self-assembled multilayers of polyalkylviologens on sulfonate-modified gold and indium–tin–oxide electrodes

Self-assembly (SA) of polyviologens with linear alkyl spacers PVn (n = 3–10) on sulfonate-primed gold and ITO electrode surfaces has been investigated by CV, QCM, XPS and AFM. The polymers form stable and relatively dense monolayers even from 10⁻⁴ M PVn concentration. The viologen surface density is decreased as n is increased but for n = 10 and on alkylsulfonate-primed surfaces a strong adsorption takes place, with decreased redox potential and very narrow cyclic voltammogram of the absorbed layer due to organized structures on the surface.Stable and regular electrostatically self-assembled (ESA) multilayers are built on sulfonate-primed surfaces with PV3 and polysulfonates. From XPS analysis, the composition of the PVn/polysulfonate multilayers corresponds to a 1:1 ratio of polyanion and polycation charges, i.e., no extra non-polymeric ion is present, independently from the alkane chain length. The rate of electron transfer within the multilayers (diffusion coefficient = ca. 10⁻⁹ cm² s⁻¹) is higher than for analogous bulk materials.     

Thermogravimetric determination of ethylenediamine and quinine with dilituric acid: Solubilities of some polymethylenediamine diliturates

The thermolysis curve's of ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tetramethylenediamine pentamethylenediamine, trimethylamine and quinine diliturates were determined. These curves established that (either the hydrated or the anhydrous form of ethylenediamine and quinine diliturate is stable enough for their gravimetric use to be possible. Both ethylenediamine and quinine were determined by precipitation with alcoholic dilituric acid .solution. In addition the solubilities of some polymethylenediamine diliturates were determined.     

Synthesis of 2-methylphenanthro[2, 1-d]thiazole

2-Methylphenanthro[2, 1-d]thiazole has been synthesized by the oxidative cyclization of 2-thioacetylaminophenanthrene.