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Thierry Benoist Bertrand Estellon Fr��d��ric Gardi Romain Megel Karim Nouioua 《4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research》2011,9(3):299-316
This paper introduces LocalSolver 1.x, a black-box local-search solver for general 0-1 programming. This software allows OR
practitioners to focus on the modeling of the problem using a simple formalism, and then to defer its actual resolution to
a solver based on efficient and reliable local-search techniques. Started in 2007, the goal of the LocalSolver project is
to offer a model-and-run approach to combinatorial optimization problems which are out of reach of existing black-box tree-search
solvers (integer or constraint programming). Having outlined the modeling formalism and the main technical features behind
LocalSolver, its effectiveness is demonstrated through an extensive computational study. The version 1.1 of LocalSolver can
be freely downloaded at and used for educational, research, or commercial purposes. 相似文献
13.
W. H. Bennett W. I. H. Moll H. C. Burger H. F. Mullikin J. A. Campbell J. H. Hibben A. Beck W. K. Hutchison K. A. Kobe S. Pexton E. J. Arveson Fr. Strieck Ch. W. Wilson W. Ackermann O. Pfundt Y. Kauko W. Mc K. Martin J. R. Green M. Kleiber H. Briese E. Biesalski H. Giehmann M. Mugdan J. Sixt R. Ruyssen N. Allen G. Denigès F. W. Horst L. Benoist H. Tramm W. Grimme P. Schuftan H. Tropsch R. Kassler W. Deckert M. Konschak C. Aßmann L. E. Karlsson H. L. Cupples W. Klempt W. Riese J. H. Bruun M. M. Hicks-Bruun E. C. Mathis 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》1934,96(9-10):336-346
14.
Poiroux G Pitié M Culerrier R Ségui B Van Damme EJ Peumans WJ Bernadou J Levade T Rougé P Barre A Benoist H 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2011,87(2):370-377
Porphyrins are used as photosensitizer (PS) in photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, the development of photochemotherapy in oncology remains limited, because of the low selectivity of PSs. In order to allow PS targeting toward tumor-associated antigens, for the first time a white-light activatable porphyrin, [5-(4-(5-carboxy-1-butoxy)-phenyl)-10,15,20-tris(4-N-methyl)-pyridiniumyl)-porphyrin] (TrMPyP) was covalently linked to Morniga G (MorG), a galactose-specific binding plant lectin, known to recognize with high-affinity tumor-associated T/Tn antigen in cell-free systems. Firstly, using fluorescein-labeled MorG, the sugar-dependent binding and uptake of lectin by Tn-positive (Jurkat lymphoid leukemia) cells was demonstrated. Secondly, the TrMPyP-MorG conjugate was molecularly characterized. Cytometric and confocal microscopic analysis demonstrated that PS covalent linking to MorG preserved sugar-dependent specific binding and uptake of lectin by Jurkat leukemia lymphocytes. Thirdly, the conjugate (with a 1:1 PS:lectin ratio) that was bound and quickly (5 min) taken-up, induced greater than 90% cytotoxicity upon irradiation at 10 nm concentration, whereas the free PS was absolutely nontoxic. On the contrary, normal lymphocytes strongly resisted to the conjugate-mediated phototoxicity. Thus, owing to their binding and endocytosis capacities, plant lectins represent promising molecules for targeting of tumor glycan alteration and to enhance the efficiency of specific delivery of PSs to tumor cells. 相似文献
15.
Rodney W. Benoist Jean-Paul Marchand Wolfgang Yourgrau 《Foundations of Physics》1977,7(11-12):827-833
We analyze the quantum mechanical measuring process from the standpoint of information theory. Statistical inference is used in order to define the most likely state of the measured system that is compatible with the readings of the measuring instrument and the a priori information about the correlations between the system and the instrument. This approach has the advantage that no reference to the time evolution of the combined system need be made. It must, however, be emphasized that the result is to be interpreted as the statistically inferred state of the original system rather than the state of the system after measurement. The phenomenon of “reduction of states” appears in this light as a consequence of incomplete information rather than the physical interaction between measured system and measuring instrument. 相似文献
16.
Alexandre Boulay Sophie Laine Nadine Leygue Eric Benoist Sophie Laurent Luce Vander Elst Robert N. Muller Béatrice Mestre-Voegtle Claude Picard 《Tetrahedron letters》2013
In the design of dual-imaging probes, the first functionalized and neutral heterobimetallic Re(I)–Gd(III) complex, highly soluble in aqueous solutions, has been prepared. This system exhibits interesting photophysical properties (λem = 578 nm, ? = 1.4%) for optical imaging and substantial higher relaxivity (r1 = 6.6 mM−1 s−1 at 0.47 T and 37 °C) than the clinically used MRI contrast agents. Moreover, this system incorporates an aromatic ester functionality suitable for bioconjugation. 相似文献
17.
A new PN2S ligand, N-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]-2-[(S-trityl)acetylamino]ethanamide [Ph-P(Ph2)N2S(Trt)], was synthesised and reacted with ReV precursors. The reaction of both tritylated and detritylated ligands with ReOCl3(PPh3)2 gave the same expected neutral complex [ReO{Ph-P(Ph2)N2S}] (4) in good yield. An unexpected neutral and diamagnetic species, [ReN{Ph-P(Ph2)N2S(Trt)}] (5), has been isolated during the complexation of the tritylated ligand with ReNCl2(PPh3)2. The complexes, characterized by classical spectroscopic methods and X-ray analysis for 4, are the first examples of neutral semi-rigid-PN2S rhenium(V) complexes. 相似文献
18.
A quantum system \({\mathcal S}\) undergoing continuous time measurement is usually described by a jump-diffusion stochastic differential equation. Such an equation is called a quantum filtering equation (or quantum stochastic master equation) and its solution is called a quantum filter (or quantum trajectory). This solution describes the evolution of the state of \({\mathcal S}\) . In the context of quantum non demolition measurement, we investigate the large time behavior of this solution. It is rigorously shown that, for large time, this solution behaves as if a direct Von Neumann measurement has been performed at time 0. In particular the solution converges to a random pure state which can be directly linked to the wave packet reduction postulate. Using the theory of Girsanov transformation, we obtain the explicit rate of convergence towards this random state. The problem of state estimation (used in experiment) is also investigated. 相似文献
19.
We present developments in dynamic magnetic resonance imaging that allow internal structural muscle markers to be followed during heating. This monitoring is based on quantitative characterization of the experimental conditions and their temperature time course. A nonlinear image registration technique was optimized and applied to consecutively acquired images to measure the deformation fields in the muscle. A model coupling local deformation and temperature was obtained, which for the first time takes into account the variations of deformation and temperature in the sample. This modeling opens the way to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for mass loss and degradation of the textural properties of muscle during heating. 相似文献
20.