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981.
George Fytas Thomas Dorfmuller Benjamin Chu 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》1984,22(8):1471-1481
We report polarized photon correlation measurements of bulk poly(phenylmethyl siloxane) (PPMS) with a molecular weight of about 2500 at different pressures from 1 to 1750 bar and temperatures between 269 and 308 K. In the Frequency range accessible by present-day digital correlators, the time correlation function can measure a slow q2-dependent diffusional process due to local concentration fluctuations and a fast α-mode structural relaxation process. The mean characteristic times of the two processes approach each other at low temperatures and high pressures, in contrast to the behavior of the α- and β-relaxation times. We should be cautious in relating the mean characteristic times for the structural relaxation process obtained by different experimental techniques, such as Brillouin scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy, because of the differnces in the probe emphasis and the extremely broad frequency distribution of such relaxation processes. 相似文献
982.
The relationships among glass transition, crystallization, melting, and crystal morphology of poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK)/poly(other imide) (PEI) blends was studied by thermal, optical and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) methods. Two types of PAEK were chosen for this work: poly(aryl ether ether ketone), PEEK, and poly(aryl ether ketone ketone), PEKK, which have distinctly different crystallization rates. Both PAEKs show complete miscibility with PEI in the amorphous phase. As PAEK crystallizes, the noncrystallizable PEI component is rejected from the crystalline region, resulting in a broad amorphous population, which was indicated by the broadening and the increase of Tg over that of the purely amorphous mixture. The presence of the PEI component significantly decreases the bulk crystallization and crystal growth rate of PAEK, but the equilibrium melting temperature and crystal surface free energies are not affected. The morphology of the PEI segregation was investigated by SAXS measurements. The results indicated that the inter(lamellar-bundle) PEI trapping morphology was dominant in the PEEK/PEI blends under rapid crystallization conditions, whereas the interspherulitic morphology was dominant in the slow crystallizing PEKK/PEI blends. These morphologies were qualitatively explained by the expression δ=D/G, where G was the crystal growth rate and D was the mutual diffusion coefficient. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
983.
Benjamin Fine Anthony M Gaglione Alexei Myasnikov Gerhard Rosenberger Dennis Spellman 《Journal of Algebra》1998,200(2):657
A groupGisfully residually freeprovided to every finite setS ⊂ G\{1} of non-trivial elements ofGthere is a free groupFSand an epimorphismhS:G → FSsuch thathS(g) ≠ 1 for allg ∈ S. Ifnis a positive integer, then a groupGisn-freeprovided every subgroup ofGgenerated bynor fewer distinct elements is free. Our main result shows that a fully residually free group of rank at most 3 is either abelian, free, or a free rank one extension of centralizers of a rank two free group. To prove this we prove that every 2-free, fully residually free group is actually 3-free. There are fully residually free groups which are not 2-free and there are 3-free, fully residually free groups which are not 4-free. 相似文献
984.
985.
The equivalence between the approaches of Drinfeld-Sokolov and Feigin-Frenkel to the mKdV and KdV hierarchies is established.
A new derivation of the mKdV equations in the zero curvature form is given. Connection with the Baker-Akhiezer function and
the tau-function is also discussed.
Received: Received: 1 July 1996 / Accepted: 21 October 1996 相似文献
986.
Ilan Benjamin 《Chemical physics》1994,180(2-3):287-296
The dynamics of solvent reorganization following charge transfer at the interface between two immiscible liquids, one polar and the other non-polar are investigated by molecular dynamics. Both charge separation and charge recombination processes in two different orientations at the surface are considered and are compared with the same processes in the bulk polar solvent. The relaxation at the surface is significantly slower than in the bulk, in contrast to predictions of continuum models. The linear response approximation works reasonably well in the bulk but fails at the interface. The Langevin model is in poor agreement with the exact equilibrium correlations, especially at short time, but can qualitatively account for the overall rate. 相似文献
987.
A nonlinear bilevel model for analysis of electric utility demand-side planning issues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An application of bilevel programming in the electric utility industry is presented. The model is nonlinear and is used to analyze various economic issues that affect electric utility planning. The electric utility at the upper level of the model seeks to minimize costs or maximize benefits while controlling electric rates and subsidizing energy conservation programs. Customers at the lower level attempt to maximize their net benefit by consuming electricity and investing in conservation. This model considers factors such as free riders and the rebound effect which affect the net benefits of utility resource plans but are ignored by most planning models. The model's solutions shed light on utility issues including whether there can be a practical difference between various objectives, including minimizing cost (least cost planning) and maximizing net social welfare (value based planning). 相似文献
988.
Abe F Amidei D Apollinari G Atac M Auchincloss P Baden AR Bacchetta N Bailey MW Bamberger A Barnett BA Barbaro-Galtieri A Barnes VE Baumann T Bedeschi F Behrends S Belforte S Bellettini G Bellinger J Benjamin D Bensinger J Beretvas A Berge JP Bertolucci S Bhadra S Binkley M Blair R Blocker C Bolognesi V Booth AW Boswell C Brandenburg G Brown D Buckley-Geer E Budd HS Busetto G Byon-Wagner A Byrum KL Campagnari C Campbell M Caner A Carey R Carithers W Carlsmith D Carroll JT Cashmore R Castro A 《Physical review letters》1992,68(4):447-451
989.
Benjamin Enriquez 《Letters in Mathematical Physics》1992,25(2):111-120
We give rational forms for twistings of classical enveloping algebras. We also remark a link with the generalized formalism of Gurevich, Manin, and Cartier. 相似文献
990.
Bruce X.Fu Benjamin S.Hsiao Gavin Chen Jack Zhou Susan Lin Jenny Yuan Ilya Koyfman Dennis D Jamiolkowski Edward Dormier 《高分子科学》2003,(2):159-167
Structure and properties of bioabsorbable polyglycolide (PGA) and poly(glycolide-co-lactide) (PGA-co-PLA)fibers were investigated during several industrial processing stages and in vitro degradation by means of wide-angle X-raydiffraction (WAXD), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and mechanical property tests. In the orientation stage, the PGAfibers were found to have higher degrees of crystallinity than corresponding PGA-co-PLA samples produced under similarconditions. In the hot-stretching and post-annealing stages, after fibers were braided, PGA samples were found to gain morecrystallinity and higher T_g than PGA-co-PLA samples. The higher crystallinity in PGA fibers resulted in a slower rate ofdegradation. DMA results showed that a great deal of internal stress that was built during orientation and hot-stretchingstages was released in the post-annealing stage for a1l PGA and PGA-co-PLA samples. During earlier stages of in vitrodegradation, both PGA and PGA-co-PLA samples exhibited the typical cleavage-induced crystallization mechanism. Theheat shrinkage in the glass transition area was found to disappear after 6-8 days of degradation for all PGA and PGA-co-PLAsamples, indicating the amorphous portions of the polymers lost orientation after a short period in the buffer solution, mostlikely due to relaxation of the cleaved chains. 相似文献