Thermal analysis of hair treated with oxidative hair dye under influence of conditioners agents

This research aimed the effect on Caucasian hair tresses treated with oxidative hair dye, either incorporated or not with conditioners agents, analyzed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The formulations of hair dyes were emulsions oil-in-water with light blond color containing or not the conditioners agents: silanetriol and panthenol; PEG-12 dimethicone; hydrolyzed silk, hydrolyzed milk protein, and lactose. Each dye (1.5 g) was applied in the hair tress (2.0 g/20.0 cm of length of Caucasian light-brown), previously treated, more 1.5 g of hydrogen peroxide 20 vol during 40 min. Evaluation of mass loss of the different hair sample demonstrates that these chemical hair treatments impair the hair fibers, reduced their moisture content with respect to the untreated hair. The incorporation of conditioners agents (silanetriol and panthenol; PEG-12 dimethicone; hydrolyzed silk, hydrolyzed milk protein, and lactose) in oxidative hair dyes types did not decrease the damage caused on the tresses by the coloring process quantified by TG/DTG. However, the DSC curves demonstrated those conditioners agents (silanetriol and panthenol; PEG-12 dimethicone) dislocated the beginning of the third event in 20 °C and they inhibited the presence of the fourth event, having characterized thermal protection to the hair.     

Atomic and Magnetic Structure of the Interface in Multilayers

Temperature dependence of the magnetic properties of Fe/Ag vacuum evaporated multilayers was studied in a wide range of layer thickness. For Fe thickness larger than 1 nm continuous magnetic layers can be found, but its hyperfine field is significantly lower than that of pure α-Fe at elevated temperatures. It is attributed to a decrease of the Curie temperature due to Ag impurities in the Fe layer. Below 1 nm Fe thickness magnetic relaxation and the formation of a granular alloy with 35 T average hyperfine field was observed. Magnetoresistance results indicate the presence of Fe clusters in the Ag matrix, as well. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Some Global Optimization Problems on Stiefel Manifolds

Optimization on Stiefel manifolds was discussed by Rapcsák in earlier papers, and some global optimization methods were considered and tested on Stiefel manifolds. In the paper, test functions are given with known global optimum points and their optimal function values. A restriction, which leads to a discretization of the problem is suggested, which results in a problem equivalent to the well-known assignment problem.     

Determination of barium,copper and yttrium in superconductor materials by inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry

Barium, copper and yttrium (or a rare earth element) in superconductor and related materials were determined by inductively coupled plasma/atomic emission spectrometry. Relative standard deviations of repeated determinations were about 2%. The results obtained with this method agree within 2% (average relative deviation) of those obtained with chemical methods.     

Synthesis of (E)-2-(1-ferrocenylmethylidene)malonic acid derivatives by a cobalt-catalyzed domino reaction of ethyl diazoacetate, carbon monoxide and ferrocenylimines

The domino reaction of ethyl diazoacetate, carbon monoxide and ferrocenylimines was investigated in the presence of Co₂(CO)₈ as catalyst. In most cases the main products are 2-(1-ferrocenylmethylidene) malonates formed by an N(1)-C(4) cleavage of the primarily derived β-lactams. The latter compounds could only be isolated when the reaction was carried out at relatively low CO pressure, using an excess of ethyl diazoacetate. trans-N-(tert-Butyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-ferrocenyl-β-lactam proved to be the most stable one among these compounds and could be isolated in 55% yield. N-alkyl β-lactams were shown to undergo acidic cleavage leading to the E isomers of 2-(1-ferrocenylmethylidene) malonates as the main products. The structures of the two new compounds, (E)-2-ethoxycarbonyl-3-ferrocenyl-N-((R)-1-phenylethyl)-2-propenamide and trans-N-(tert-butyl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-ferrocenyl-β-lactam were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The relative thermodynamical stability of the products as well as the energetics of the acid-mediated cleavage of the β-lactam ring was elucidated with DFT calculations.     

Traditional uses of medicinal plants for respiratory diseases in Transylvania

Inhabitants of some Transylvanian farms in Romania have a valuable archaic knowledge of medicinal plants because of their isolation and the insufficiency of official medical treatment. In this work we present ethnobotanical data about the use of medicinal plant taxa for various respiratory diseases in the villages L?véte and Nagybacon. Altogether 34 plant taxa were documented in L?véte and 26 species in Nagybacon with 15 concordant data of the villages. This information plays an important role in the documentation of the disappearing indigenous medical information of the villages.     

Diffusion amorphization and interface properties of FeB multilayers

Received: 3 September 1996/Accepted: 6 January 1997     

Improved hydrogen release from LiB0.33N0.67H2.67 with noble metal additions

The hydrogen release behavior of the quaternary hydride LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67) has been successfully improved through the incorporation of small quantities of noble metal. Adding 5 wt % Pd either as Pd metal particles or as PdCl(2) reduced the temperature T(1/2) corresponding to the midpoint of the hydrogen release reaction by DeltaT(1/2) = -43 degrees C and -76 degrees C, respectively. PtCl(2) and Pt nanoparticles supported on a Vulcan carbon substrate proved to be even more effective, with DeltaT(1/2) = -90 degrees C. The amount of NH(3) released during dehydrogenation is reduced compared to that from additive-free material, and, more importantly, at temperatures below 210 degrees C hydrogen is released with no detectable NH(3). In contrast to additive-free LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67), which melts completely above 190 degrees C and releases hydrogen from the liquid state only above approximately 250 degrees C, hydrogen release from LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67) + 5 wt % Pt/Vulcan carbon is accompanied by partial melting plus a cascade through a series of solid intermediate phases. Calorimetric measurements indicate that both additive-free and Pt-added LiB(0.33)N(0.67)H(2.67) release hydrogen exothermically, and hence the reverse reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable. By exposing partially dehydrogenated samples to high H(2) pressures at modest temperatures, fractional hydrogen uptake (roughly 15% of the released hydrogen) has been achieved. The mechanism by which noble metals promote hydrogen release is not known, but the behavior is consistent with that expected for a catalyst, including a large effect with small additions and saturation of the effect at low concentration.     

Hereditary properties of partitions, ordered graphs and ordered hypergraphs

In this paper we use the Klazar–Marcus–Tardos method (see [A. Marcus, G. Tardos, Excluded permutation matrices and the Stanley–Wilf conjecture. J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 107 (2004) 153–160]) to prove that, if a hereditary property of partitions has super-exponential speed, then, for every k-permutation π, contains the partition of [2k] with parts {{i,π(i)+k}:i[k]}. We also prove a similar jump, from exponential to factorial, in the possible speeds of monotone properties of ordered graphs, and of hereditary properties of ordered graphs not containing large complete, or complete bipartite ordered graphs.Our results generalize the Stanley–Wilf conjecture on the number of n-permutations avoiding a fixed permutation, which was recently proved by the combined results of Klazar [M. Klazar, The Füredi–Hajnal conjecture implies the Stanley–Wilf conjecture, in: D. Krob, A.A. Mikhalev, A.V. Mikhalev (Eds.), Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics, Springer, Berlin, 2000, pp. 250–255] and Marcus and Tardos [A. Marcus, G. Tardos, Excluded permutation matrices and the Stanley–Wilf conjecture, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 107 (2004) 153–160]. Our main results follow from a generalization to ordered hypergraphs of the theorem of Marcus and Tardos.