Thermodynamics of the Interaction Between Graphene Quantum Dots with Human Serum Albumin and γ-Globulins

As one of the newly emerged nanomaterials, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown great application potential as tracking probes and drug carriers in biological areas. The GQDs synthesized via the nitric acid reflux method in this study turned out to quench the fluorescence of human serum albumin (HSA) and gamma globulin (γ-globulin) in two different functional ways. The fluorescence quenching effect of GQDs on HSA is a static pattern and the predominant interaction forces are hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. Distinct from HSA, the interaction between GQDs and γ-globulins belongs to dynamic quenching and is driven by electrostatic forces. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) differential spectrometry and transient state fluorescence spectrometry were also utilized to further confirm their quenching types. Also, thermodynamics parameters, the enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) of reaction between GQDs and proteins were obtained through a series of calculations from the van’t Hoff equation. Furthermore, the effect of GQDs on the conformational structure of proteins was characterized by synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS), three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. In addition, the binding mechanism of GQDs with HSA and γ-globulins were proposed based on the obtained experimental results. The research on the reaction between GQDs with HSA and γ-globulins offers promising insight for the further application of nanomaterials in biomedical fields.     

受限亚音速气流中倒置悬臂壁板静气弹稳定性的理论及实验研究

板壳结构在航空航天、高速列车、能量采集等诸多工程领域已经得到了广泛应用. 将悬臂壁板倒置于轴向气流中并在壁板周围流场中设置刚性壁面可有效地调控壁板的失稳速度, 是俘能器优化设计的重要措施之一. 但针对刚性壁面作用下亚音速气流中倒置悬臂壁板的失稳机制仍需要开展深入研究. 本文以受限亚音速气流中倒置的二维悬臂壁板为对象, 以理论分析及风洞实验为手段, 研究了单侧刚性壁面效应对倒置悬臂壁板静态失稳特性的影响规律. 在理论分析中, 首先应用镜像函数法来处理壁面约束条件, 基于算子理论研究获得了以Possio积分方程为表征的壁板气动力, 壁面效应实际表征为一包含移位Tricomi算子的复合算子; 然后将壁板失稳方程的求解问题转化为定区间上的函数逼近问题; 最后, 依据Wererstrass定理并利用最小二乘法求解该最优函数, 以获得系统的失稳临界参数. 在试验研究中依据压杆稳定原理设计了壁板静态失稳的测试方法并完成了风洞实验. 理论分析结果表明, 壁板会发生发散(静气动弹性)失稳, 临界动压随壁板与壁面间距的增加而增大并最终趋于稳定(无壁面情况); 通过理论与风洞实验结果的对比分析, 验证了本文气动力及理论分析的适用性及准确性. 针对倒置悬臂壁板结构的气动弹性失稳问题, 本文提出的方法不涉及系统方程的离散及特征值求解问题, 而是将其转化为了定区间上的函数逼近问题进行求解, 这为弹性结构静气动弹性失稳问题的研究提供了一个可行的新思路.      

Fluorescent Coumarin–Artemisinin Conjugates as Mitochondria‐Targeting Theranostic Probes for Enhanced Anticancer Activities

Mitochondria‐targeting theranostic probes that enable the simultaneously reporting of and triggering of mitochondrial dysfunctions in cancer cells are highly attractive for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Three fluorescent mitochondria‐targeting theranostic probes have been developed by linking a mitochondrial dye, coumarin‐3‐carboximide, with a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, artemisinin, to kill cancer cells. Fluorescence images showed that the designed coumarin–artemisinin conjugates localized mainly in mitochondria, leading to enhanced anticancer activities over artemisinin. High cytotoxicity against cancer cells correlated with the strong ability to accumulate in mitochondria, which could efficiently increase the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and induce cell apoptosis. This study highlights the potential of using mitochondria‐targeting fluorophores to selectively trigger and directly visualize subcellular drug delivery in living cells.     

PP-g-(St-co-MMA)/PP/PVC共混物相容性研究

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对聚丙烯／聚氯乙烯(PP80／PVC20)二元体系,以及聚丙烯多单体接枝物[PP-g-(St-co-MMA)]／PP／PVC三元体系的相容性进行了研究。由X射线能谱微区分析得到了共混物中氯元素面分布图。对氯元素面分布进行了粒径分布统计和面积计算。实验结果表明：在PP80／PVC20共混物100份中加入6份PP-g-(St-co-MMA)增容剂时,增容效果最好;进一步增加PP-g-(St-co-MMA)含量时,PP／PVC的相容性反而降低。差示扫描量热仪(DSC)的实验结果也佐证了SEM和EDS的实验结果。     

超支化聚(酰胺-酯)的端基光致变色改性研究

采用丁二酸酐、三羟甲基氨基甲烷为主要原料,先在冰水浴条件下合成AB3型单体,然后进行熔融缩聚制得超支化聚(酰胺-酯)(HBP),最后用4-(4′-二甲氨基苯基偶氮)苯甲酸对HBP的末端羟基进行功能化改性,得到了一种具有光致变色和酸碱变色性的HBP;用紫外光谱对改性超支化聚(酰胺-酯)的变色性进行了研究。结果表明：随紫外光照时间延长紫外吸收强度增加;随pH值增大紫外吸收波长向短波方向移动。     

NONLINEAR UNIFIED STRENGTH MODEL OF GEOMATERIALS

将材料的破坏归结为剪切破坏,每种材料对应于特定的剪切滑动面,抗剪强度为滑动面上正应力的函数,基于不同材料的强度特性将一系列的剪切滑动面统一起来,建立了岩土材料的非线性统一强度模型.非线性统一强度模型的滑动面为β应力空间内的等倾面,在β应力空间内的强度面为圆锥面;在普通应力空间内的强度面为一系列连续光滑、外凸的锥面,在偏平面上强度曲线涵盖了从下限Matsuoka-Nakai曲线到上限Drucker-Prager圆之间的所有区域,子午面上强度线为直线.非线性统一强度模型只有3个材料参数,参数都具有明确的物理意义,通过与国内外学者已取得的岩土类材料真三轴强度试验结果的比较,表明模型可适用于多种类型的材料,并合理描述其非线性强度特性.     

Multiagent cooperation for solving global optimization problems: an extendible framework with example cooperation strategies

This paper proposes the use of multiagent cooperation for solving global optimization problems through the introduction of a new multiagent environment, MANGO. The strength of the environment lays in its flexible structure based on communicating software agents that attempt to solve a problem cooperatively. This structure allows the execution of a wide range of global optimization algorithms described as a set of interacting operations. At one extreme, MANGO welcomes an individual non-cooperating agent, which is basically the traditional way of solving a global optimization problem. At the other extreme, autonomous agents existing in the environment cooperate as they see fit during run time. We explain the development and communication tools provided in the environment as well as examples of agent realizations and cooperation scenarios. We also show how the multiagent structure is more effective than having a single nonlinear optimization algorithm with randomly selected initial points.     

Joint remote preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state via EPR-type pairs

In this work, we propose a scheme to realize a joint remote preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state using six EPR-type pairs as the shared quantum resource. By determining the right measurement bases for the preparers and right ancilla-assisted unitary transformation/recovery operations for the receiver, our scheme applies to the most general case when all the coefficients of the state to be prepared and the EPR-type pairs are complex. The total success probability is found to be dependent only on the “smaller” coefficients of the EPR-type pairs shared between the receiver and one of the preparers.     

On some generalized sequence spaces of fuzzy numbers defined by a sequence of Orlicz functions

The purpose of the paper is to introduce the concepts of almost λ-statistical convergence and strongly almost λ-convergence of sequences of fuzzy numbers. We establish some connections between these concepts. It is also shown that if a sequence of fuzzy numbers is strongly almost λ-convergent with respect to a sequence of Orlicz funtions then it is almost λ-statistical convergent.