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991.
The nanocrystal samples of titanium dioxide doped with europium ion (Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystal) are synthesized by the sol-gel method with hydrothermal treatment. The Eu3+ contents (molar ratio) in the samples are 0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%. The X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy data and scanning electron microscope image show that crystallite size is reduced by the doping of Eu3+ into TiO2. Comparing the Raman spectra of TiO2 with Eu3+/TiO2 (molar ratio Eu3+/TiO2=1%, 2% and 4%) nanocrystals at different annealing temperatures indicates that the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation temperatures of Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystals are higher than that of TiO2. This is due to the formation of Eu-O-Ti bonds on the surface of the TiO2 crystallite, as characterized by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoluminescence spectra of TiO2 in Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystals are interpreted by the surface self-trapped and defect-trapped exciton relaxation. The photoluminescence of Eu3+ in Eu3+/TiO2 nanocrystals has the strongest emission intensity at 2% of Eu3+ concentration. 相似文献
992.
B. A. Usievich D. Kh. Nurligareev V. A. Sychugov K. M. Golant 《Optics and Spectroscopy》2006,101(6):930-934
A system of tunnel-coupled rectilinear waveguides is studied. The dependence of the number of modes in this system on the number of waveguides N, the distance between the waveguides, and the number of modes in a separate waveguide is considered. It is shown that the modes of the m = N and N + 1 orders in such a system are Bragg modes; i.e., the angle between the direction of their propagation and the system axis is close to the Bragg angle. The effective refractive indices n * of these modes change stepwise. The step size Δn * is found to be dependent on the distance s between the waveguides and on the number of modes in a separate waveguide. A system of single-mode waveguides with the number of guided modes M = 34 < N = 50 is studied experimentally. It is shown that the Bragg modes of the system lie among the leakage modes of the system and have rather low losses. It is demonstrated that the localization of the Bragg modes among the leakage modes may be favorable for their selection upon light generation. 相似文献
993.
Water suppression by diffusive attenuation was used to measure Brix in intact cellular tissue of apple and strawberry. Given
the signal-to-noise ratio, the correlation for apple was established without repeated acquisition, so this protocol should
also be useful for rapid, on-line measurements at low spectrometer frequencies. Water suppression by theT
1-Null method fails with cellular tissue because of the considerable variation in the longitudinal relaxation times of vacuolar
and cytoplasmic water. 相似文献
994.
Y. Qu J.X. Zhang A. Uddin C.Y. Liu S. Yuan M.C.Y. Chan B. Bo G. Liu H. Jiang 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,82(2):305-308
Ridge-waveguide InGaAsN triple-quantum-well strain-compensated lasers grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition were fabricated with pulsed anodic oxidation. The laser’s output power reached 145 mW in continuous-wave mode at room temperature for a 4-?m -stripe-width laser. Continuous-wave single longitudinal mode operation was maintained at a high injection current level with a wavelength of 1287.3 nm at room temperature. Single longitudinal mode operation at 1317.2 nm was achieved at twice the threshold current at 100 °C. The band gap of InGaAsN in the quantum wells at different temperatures was calculated and compared to the measured temperature-dependent laser wavelength. 相似文献
995.
The deformation surrounding Vickers indentations on InGaAsP/InP epilayers have been studied in detail. The surface topography was characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The material pile-up and sink-in regions around the indentation impression was observed for the quaternary InGaAsP/InP epilayers. The sectional analysis mode of the AFM shows the depth profile at the indented region. Microindentation studies were carried out for different atomic fraction of the quaternary InGaAsP/InP compound semiconductor alloys. The microhardness values of InGaAsP/InP epilayers were found to be in the range of 5.08 and 5.73 GPa. These results show that the hardness value of the quaternary alloy drastically increases as the composition of As was increased by 0.01 atomic fraction and when the phosphorous concentration decreases from 0.4 to 0.38. The reason may be that the increase in As concentration hardens the lattice when phosphorous concentration was less and hardness decreases when phosphorous was increased. 相似文献
996.
M. G. Voronkov E. A. Grebneva O. M. Trofimova A. I. Albanov N. F. Chernov N. N. Chipanina 《Russian Journal of General Chemistry》2006,76(12):1851-1853
Reaction of tetrafluorosilane with tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-and tris(2-trimethylsiloxyethyl)amine results in formation of 1-fluorosilatrane and fluorosilatrane in 75 and 53% yield, respectively. Reaction of tetrafluorosilane with bis(2-trimethylsiloxyethyl)amine and its N-methyl derivative leads to the hitherto unknown 1,1-difluoroquasisilatranes (N → Si) F2Si(OCH2CH2)2NR (R = H, Me) containing donor-acceptor bond N → Si and pentacoordinate silicon atom. The structure of the synthesized compounds was proved by 1H, 13C, 15N, 19F, 29Si NMR and IR spectroscopy. 相似文献
997.
Necessary and sufficient conditions in constrained optimization 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
Additional conditions are attached to the Kuhn-Tucker conditions giving a set of conditions which are both necessary and sufficient
for optimality in constrained optimization, under appropriate constraint qualifications. Necessary and sufficient conditions
are also given for optimality of the dual problem. Duality and converse duality are treated accordingly. 相似文献
998.
V. B. Larin 《Ukrainian Mathematical Journal》1989,41(5):532-538
Translated from Ukrainskii Matematicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 41, No. 5, pp. 615–621, May, 1989. 相似文献
999.
1000.