New Synthesis of 2-Acetonyl-4-alkoxymethylbutanolide

A new method was developed for synthesis of 2-acetonyl-4-alkoxymethylbutanolides by treatment of 4-alkoxymethyl-2-(-chloroallyl)butanolides with concentrated sulfuric acid and subsequent hydrolysis. 4-alkoxymethyl-2-(-chloroallyl)butanolides are readily obtained by alkylation of accessible 4-alkoxymethyl-2-ethoxycarbonylbutanolides with 2,3-dichloropropene, followed by hydrolysis and decarboxylation of the resulting 4-alkoxymethyl-2-(-chloroallyl)-2-ethoxycarbonylbutanolides.     

Synthesis and some transformations of functionally substituted lactones

Reactions of functionally substituted unsaturated five- and six-membered cyanolactones with α- and β-hydroxy ketones in the presence of sulfuric acid gave substituted 2-oxofuran- and 2-oxopyran-3-carboxamides. Hydrolysis of some keto amides thus obtained afforded the corresponding carboxylic acids, and reactions with hydrazines and semicarbazides led to hydrazones and semicarbazones at the side-chain oxo group.     

Dynamics of a cavitational cavity in a non-newtonian fluid

The dynamics of a spherical cavity in a non-Newtonian fluid, described by the Reiner-Rivlin rheological equation [1], is investigated. The equation of radial cavity motion is obtained, where the gas in the cavity is subject to a polytropic law and surface tension is taken into account. The equation of cavity motion is solved numerically for a number of values of the transverse viscosity coefficient. The influence of the transverse viscosity on the collapse process of vapor and gas-filled cavities is shown. Numerical computations are also carried out for the rate of energy dissipation and the pressure distribution in the fluid.Translated from Izvestiya Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 170–173, July–August, 1973.The authors are grateful to A. T. Listrove for attention to the research.     

Generation of THz radiation using bulk,periodically and aperiodically poled lithium niobate – Part 2: Experiments

Optical rectification of femtosecond pulses in nonlinear materials is an efficient method to generate ultra-short terahertz (THz) pulses in a wide frequency range extending from 100 GHz to well above 10 THz. Lithium niobate (LN) is well suited for such a purpose despite the high absorption in the THz range. In this part we will focus on the various experimental realizations to produce THz radiation in bulk, periodically, aperiodically and two-dimensionally poled LN. The possible bandwidth, tunability and the techniques to overcome the high absorption will be discussed as well. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.70.Mp; 42.72.Ai     

Synthesis and Some Transformations of 4-Alkoxymethyl-2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethylbutanolides

A method was developed for the production of 4-alkoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxycarbonylmethylbutanolides. The latter were subjected to alkaline and acid hydrolysis, leading to 4-alkoxymethyl-2-carboxymethylbutanolides, from which lactone-containing thioureas and amides of carboxylactones with novel structures were obtained. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1625–1633, November, 2005.     

Synthesis of 3-Allyloxy(2-hydroxypropyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1-Allyloxy(2-hydroxypropyl)-substituted Benzotriazole and Benzimidazole,and N-allyloxy(2-hydroxypropyl)-substituted Pyrrolidone,Caprolactam, and Phthalimide

The reaction of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, benzotriazole, benzimidazole, morpholine, pyrrolidone, caprolactam, and phthalimide with allyl glycidyl ether gave the corresponding heterylhydroxypropyl allyl ethers, the structures of which were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1135–1139, August, 2005.     

Synthesis and some transformations of benzo-substituted 2-bromomethyl-4-methyl-2-chloro-2,3-dihydrofuro[3.2-c]-quinolines

A convenient synthetic procedure for substituted 2-bromomethyl-4-methyl-2-chloro-2,3-dihydrofuro[3.2-c]quinolines hydrobromides was developed, synthons for preparation of new substituted furoquinolines. Reactions with various nucleophiles were performed, and 2-(R’-methyl)-4-methyl-furo[3.2-c]quinolines substituted in the benzene ring were obtained.     

Synthesis of substituted in benzene ring 4-[(2-aminophenyl)thio]-, 4-[(2-mercaptophenyl)amino]-2-methylquinolines and (4E)-4-[(2-mercaptophenyl)imino]-2-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinolines

By a reaction of 2-methyl-4-chloroquinolines with o-mercaptoaniline under various conditions synteses were performed of substituted in the benzene ring 4-[(2-aminophenyl)thio]-2-methylquinolines and (4E)-4-[(2-mercaptophenyl)imino]-2-methyl-1,4-dihydroquinolines that were respectively by isomerization or rearrangement converted into 4-[(2-mercaptophenyl)amino]-2-methylquinolines.     

Synthesis of 5-substituted 3-(2-oxopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ones and heterocyclic compounds on their base

Alkylation of ethyl 2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylates with 2,3-dichloroprop-1-ene and 3-bromoprop-1-yne gave new 3,5,5-tri- and 3,3,5,5-tetrasubstituted tetrahydrofuran-2-ones which were converted into the corresponding 3-(2-oxopropyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ones. Reactions of the latter with semicarabazide, thiosemicarbazide, and phenylhydrazine were studied with a view to obtain new heterocyclic lactones.