Separation and detection of oxidation products of fluorodeoxyglucose and glucose by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F] FDG), the most popular positron emitting radiopharmaceutical, may oxidise by autoradiolysis in aqueous solution. The aim of this work was to use LC-MS for determination of the oxidation products of fluorodeoxyglucose and glucose (Glc) obtained by oxidation with Fenton's reagent. Asahipak NH2P-50 polyamide silica column and acetonitrile-0.025% aqueous ammonium formate (80:20 (v/v)) eluent were utilised with an Agilent 1100 HPLC-MS instrument. Ten major oxidation products of FDG and Glc were separated and identified by mass spectrometry: 2-fluorogluconic acid, 2-fluoroglucuronic acid, 2-oxoerythronic acid, arabinose, arabonic acid, araburonic acid, erythrose, erythrulose, gluconic acid, and glucuronic acid. The most intensive electrospray ionisation signals were found in the negative ion spectra and were due to HCOO- adducts, the other acids being in their lactone forms.     

A mathematical evaluation of dose-dependent PpIX fluorescence kinetics in vivo

The in vivo pharmacokinetics of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) after administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) cannot be described accurately by mathematical models using first-order rate processes. We have replaced first-order reaction rates by dose-dependent (Michaelis-Menten [MM]) reaction rates in a mathematical compartment model. Different combinations of first-order and dose-dependent reaction rates were evaluated to see which one would improve the goodness-of-fit to experimentally determined in vivo PpIX fluorescence kinetics as a function of concentration. The mathematical models that were evaluated are all based on a three-compartment model for drug distribution, conversion to PpIX and subsequent conversion to heme. Implementation of dose-dependent reaction rates improved the goodness-of-fit and enabled interpolation to other drug doses. For most data sets the time constant for delivery to the target cells turned out to be dose dependent. For all data sets the use of MM rates for the conversion of ALA to PpIX yielded better fits. The clearance of PpIX turned out to be a first-order process for all doses and types of administration. Fluorescence curves measured on a specific tissue type but obtained in different studies with different measurement techniques could be described with a single set of parameters.     

Time-dependent pump-probe spectra of NeBr2

Time- and frequency-resolved pump-probe measurements on NeBr2 have been performed to better characterize its fragmentation dynamics on the B electronic state for vibrational levels in the energy region of the transition from direct vibrational predissociation to intramolecular vibrational relaxation dynamics. Above nu'=20 of the Br2 stretching mode, it was observed that the dependence of lifetime on the vibrational quantum number deviates from the energy-gap law by leveling off in the range of 10 psE transitions of the complex. These transitions are shifted 20 cm(-1) to lower energy from the free Br2 resonances, indicating an E state Ne-Br2 bond energy of 82 cm(-1). Measurements of NeBr2 vibrational predissociation via the delta nu=-2 channel were also performed for nu'=27, 28, and 29. The closing of the delta nu=-1 channel leads to an increase in the lifetimes of these vibrational levels. A new Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet pumped dual optical parametric oscillator/optical parametric amplifier system is described that allows us to conveniently record time-delayed pump-probe spectra with 2-cm(-1) spectral resolution and 15-ps time resolution.     

Effect of pressure on free-radical copolymerization kinetics. I. A concept of additivity of partial molar volumes of activation

A short review of the effect of pressure on copolymerization kinetics shows the necessity of simple models for a better understanding of activation volumes. Therefore, a simple concept, possibly generally valid for free-radical polymerization, is proposed, based on the assumption that molar volumes of activation can be expressed as an addition of a characteristic radical and a monomer contribution, regardless of the combination involved. The scheme may facilitate the visualization of the transition state and contribute to the understanding of reaction mechanisms of radical polymerizations. Ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymerization at 62°C with tert-butyl alcohol as solvent agrees with the proposed scheme, appearing from the pressure independence of the product of reactivity ratios at the different levels (35,600, and 1200 kg/cm²). Implicitly it can be shown that an ethylene monomer contributes about 2 cm³/mole more to the activation volumes of the propagation reactions than does the vinyl acetate monomer, whereas for the radicals the difference of the respective contributions to the activation volumes is opposite in sign.     

über Katalysatoren- und Fermentmodelle (1)

Ohne Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit wurde aus Mitteln des Marshall-Planes (ERP-Mittel) und mit Spenden aus dem „Fonds Chemie“ ausgeführt. Wir sprechen den zust?ndigen Stellen für die Gew?hrung der Beihilfe unseren verbindlichsten Dank aus. Der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft danken wir für die überlassung einer Ultrazentrifuge, den Behring-Werken für die uns zur Verfügung gestellten Serumalbumin- und -globulin-Pr?parate.     

Zur Kenntnis der Verbindung H3P–BJ3

Phosphine or phosphonium iodide react with boron triiodide in CS₂ or benzene to form the adduct H₃P–BI₃. The water-sensitive white solid is thermally stable up to ～150°C. Its IR and NMR spectrum are recorded.     

Selektivierung geringer Mengen Kupfer mit Polyäthylenimin-Zellulose

Zusammenfassung Polyäthyleniminzellulosen sorbieren Cu²⁺ durch koordinative Bindung als Zentralion des sekundären Stickstoffs des Polyäthylenimins im P_H-Bereich 3,5 bis 4,5 selektiv aus verd. Lösungen. 10g Kupfer können von 10⁵fachen Überschüssen anderer Übergangsmetalle separiert, mit verd. Salzsäure eluiert und mit Diäthyldithiocarbamat photometrisch bestimmt werden. Das Verfahren eignet sich zur Erfassung von 0,001% Kupfer in Zink, Mangan, Kobalt, Nickel, Cadmium und Aluminium sowie aus Lösungen, deren Kupfergehalt 0,02 ppm beträgt.

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Selectivation of small amounts of copper with polyethyleneimine-cellulose

Summary Polyethyleneimine celluloses selectively sorb Cu²⁺ from dilute solutions through coordinative bonding as central ion of the secondary nitrogen of polyethyleneimine in the p_H-range of 3.5–4.5. 10g of copper may be separated from 10₅-fold excesses of other transition metals, then eluted with dilute hydrochloric acid and determined photometrically with diethyldithiocarbamate. The method is suitable for determining 0.001% copper in zinc, manganese, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, and aluminium as well as in solutions whose coppercontent is 0.02 ppm.