We consider large deviations for nearest-neighbor random walk in a uniformly elliptic i.i.d. environment. It is easy to see that the quenched and the averaged rate functions are not identically equal. When the dimension is at least four and Sznitman??s transience condition (T) is satisfied, we prove that these rate functions are finite and equal on a closed set whose interior contains every nonzero velocity at which the rate functions vanish. 相似文献
Well‐controlled radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate can be achieved by in situ photochemical generation of copper (I) complex from air‐stable copper (II) species without using any reducing agent at room temperature. The living character of this polymerization was confirmed by both the linear tendency of molecular weight evolution with conversion and a chain extension experiment.
Summary: New photoiniting systems for cationic polymerization acting at near UV and visible range are described. The applicability of acylgermanes as a new class of free radical promoters for photoinitiated cationic polymerization is demonstrated. Moreover, the use of substituted vinyl halides as source for readily oxidizable free radicals is presented. The polymerization of vinyl ethers can be initiated by the irradiation of substituted vinyl halides in the presence of Lewis acids such as zinc halide. Furthermore, possibilities for conducting cationic polymerization at visible range by using highly conjugated thiophene derivatives are demonstrated. Mechanistic aspects of all initiating systems are discussed. 相似文献
Percentages of crude oil, protein, fibre and ash of grape seeds obtained from Turkish cultivars were of the ranges 5.40-10.79, 5.24-7.54, 17.6-27.1, and 1.2-2.6, respectively. The highest crude oil, crude protein and crude fibre were determined in Siyah pekmezlik, Karadimrit and Antep grape seeds. The energy values of seeds were established to be between 102.28 and 148.07?kcal?g(-1). Potassium and calcium contents of seed samples were found to be at high levels compared to sodium. The seeds contained 686-967?ppm of Na, 2468-3618?ppm of K and 2373-4127?ppm of Ca. The refractive index, relative density, acidity, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter and iodine value of seed oils were determined to be in the ranges 1.474-1.477 [Formula: see text], 0.909-0.934 25/25°C, 0.74-1.24%, 181-197, 0.91-1.66%, and 126-135, respectively. The main fatty acids were of the ranges 60.7-68.5% linoleic, 16.1-23.4% oleic and 8.0-10.2% palmitic. The highest percentages of linoleic acid (68.5%) was determined in Siyah pekmezlik seed oil. 相似文献
Poly-2-[4-(diethylaminophenyl)imino]-5-nitro-phenol (PEAPINP) and 2-[4-(diethylaminophenyl)imino]-5-nitro-phenol (EAPINP)
were prepared as new pH sensors. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric response of the novel sensors in various pH values were investigated. EAPINP has the ability to respond linearly at alkaline PH values, 8 to 9, and can be utilized in absorption and wavelength radiometric methods. PEAPINP has the ability to respond
linearly at lower pH values, 6 to 7, and can be used as an alternative pH sensor in this range. The new sensors are yellow-colored
in acidic and neutral media and red-colored in alkaline PHs. With their colorimetric responses at different pH ranges EAPINP and PEAPINP can be used to develop color-tunable PH sensors. 相似文献
Developing of new generation optical polymeric pH sensors has increasing importance due to their stable structures. Available
polymeric sensors for different pH ranges are already needed. In the present study new kinds of monomeric and polymeric absorption
pH sensors (HBANP and PHBANP) derived from 2-amino-4-nitrophenol were prepared. The novel sensors were investigated in various
pH values using spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, and electrochemical techniques. The sensors showed sigmoidal correlations
vs. pH range in optical measurements. These correlations were improved as mathematical formula to obtain the solution pH.
HBANP and PHBANP differed from each other by response fields. HBANP had a sharp absorption increase between the pH of 6.5→7.5
while PHBANP spectrophotometrically responded at lower pHs. HBANP was colorless in acidic pHs, yellow-colored in neutral media
and red-colored in alkaline pHs. With its colorimetric responses in various pHs HBANP can be used to develop color-tunable
pH sensors. Electrochemical oxidation peak potentials and currents also particularly changed in various pHs. 相似文献