全文获取类型
收费全文 | 442篇 |
免费 | 20篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 332篇 |
晶体学 | 4篇 |
力学 | 2篇 |
数学 | 42篇 |
物理学 | 86篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 20篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 23篇 |
2012年 | 28篇 |
2011年 | 37篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 15篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 25篇 |
2006年 | 24篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 6篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 13篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
1903年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有466条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Microbial adhesion to poly(ethylene oxide) brushes: influence of polymer chain length and temperature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Roosjen A van der Mei HC Busscher HJ Norde W 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(25):10949-10955
Glass surfaces were modified by end-grafting poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) chains having molecular weights of 526, 2000, or 9800 Da. Characterization using water contact angles, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the PEO brushes on the surface with estimated lengths in water of 2.8-, 7.5-, and 23.7-nm, respectively. Adhesion of two bacterial (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two yeast (Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis) strains to these brushes was studied and compared to their adhesion to bare glass. For the bacterium P. aeruginosa and the yeast C. tropicalis, adhesion to the 2.8-nm brush was comparable to their adhesion on bare glass, whereas adhesion to the 7.5- and 23.7-nm brushes was greatly reduced. For S. epidermidis, adhesion was only slightly higher to the 2.8-nm brush than that to the longer brushes. Adhesion of the yeast C. albicans to the PEO brushes was lower than that to glass, but no differences in adhesion were found between the three brush lengths. After passage of an air bubble, nearly all microorganisms adhering to a brush were removed, irrespective of brush length, whereas retention of the adhering organisms on glass was much higher. No significant differences were found in adhesion nor retention between experiments conducted at 20 and those conducted at 37 degrees C. 相似文献
32.
van Wieringen A Carlyon RP Long CJ Wouters J 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2003,114(3):1516-1528
The pitch of stimuli was studied under conditions where place-of-excitation was held constant, and where pitch was therefore derived from "purely temporal" cues. In experiment 1, the acoustical and electrical pulse trains consisted of pulses whose amplitudes alternated between a high and a low value, and whose interpulse intervals alternated between 4 and 6 ms. The attenuated pulses occurred after the 4-ms intervals in condition A, and after the 6-ms intervals in condition B. For both normal-hearing subjects and cochlear implantees, the period of an isochronous pulse train equal in pitch to this "4-6" stimulus increased from near 6 ms at the smallest modulation depth to nearly 10 ms at the largest depth. Additionally, the modulated pulse trains in condition A were perceived as being lower in pitch than those in condition B. Data are interpreted in terms of increased refractoriness in condition A, where the larger pulses are more closely followed by the smaller ones than in condition B. Consistent with this conclusion, the A-B difference was reduced at longer interpulse intervals. These findings provide a measure of supra-threshold effects of refractoriness on pitch perception, and increase our understanding of coding of temporal information in cochlear implant speech processing schemes. 相似文献
33.
Astrid an Huef Iain Raeburn Dana P. Williams 《Transactions of the American Mathematical Society》2000,352(10):4759-4787
Suppose that is a second countable locally compact transformation group. We let denote the set of Morita equivalence classes of separable dynamical systems where is a -algebra and is compatible with the given -action on . We prove that is a commutative semigroup with identity with respect to the binary operation for an appropriately defined balanced tensor product on -algebras. If and act freely and properly on the left and right of a space , then we prove that and are isomorphic as semigroups. If the isomorphism maps the class of to the class of , then is Morita equivalent to .
34.
35.
36.
37.
Regan J. Anderson Benjamin J. Compton Ching-wen Tang Astrid Authier-Hall Colin M. Hayman Gene W. Swinerd Renata Kowalczyk Paul Harris Margaret A. Brimble David S. Larsen Olivier Gasser Robert Weinkove Ian F. Hermans Gavin F. Painter 《Chemical science》2015,6(9):5120-5127
It is known that T cells can eliminate tumour cells through recognition of unique or aberrantly expressed antigens presented as peptide epitopes by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the tumour cell surface. With recent advances in defining tumour-associated antigens, it should now be possible to devise therapeutic vaccines that expand specific populations of anti-tumour T cells. However there remains a need to develop simpler efficacious synthetic vaccines that possess clinical utility. We present here the synthesis and analysis of vaccines based on conjugation of MHC-binding peptide epitopes to α-galactosylceramide, a glycolipid presented by the nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting molecule CD1d to provoke the stimulatory activity of type I natural killer T (NKT) cells. The chemical design incorporates an enzymatically cleavable linker that effects controlled release of the active components in vivo. Chemical and biological analysis of different linkages with different enzymatic targets enabled selection of a synthetic vaccine construct with potent therapeutic anti-tumour activity in mice, and marked in vitro activity in human blood. 相似文献
38.
Jonathan H. Brown Lisa Orloff Clark Astrid an Huef 《Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra》2017,221(10):2458-2481
The graph groupoids of directed graphs E and F are topologically isomorphic if and only if there is a diagonal-preserving ring ?-isomorphism between the Leavitt path algebras of E and F. 相似文献
39.
From Crofton's formula for Minkowski tensors we derive stereological estimators of translation invariant surface tensors of convex bodies in the n‐dimensional Euclidean space. The estimators are based on one‐dimensional linear sections. In a design based setting we suggest three types of estimators. These are based on isotropic uniform random lines, vertical sections, and non‐isotropic random lines, respectively. Further, we derive estimators of the specific surface tensors associated with a stationary process of convex particles in the model based setting. 相似文献
40.
Godau T Bleifuss SM Müller AL Roth T Hoffmann S Heinemann FW Burzlaff N 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2011,40(24):6547-6554
One-pot syntheses of three new enantiopure heteroscorpionate ligands derived from (+)-camphor or (-)-menthone are described. The ligands are obtained by reacting pyrazoles derived from (+)-camphor or (-)-menthone with sodium hydride and thionyl chloride. Subsequent reactions with pyridine and various aldehydes afford the tripod ligands in multi-gram amounts. Especially the menthopyrazole based ligand 6 showed encouraging ee values up to 69% in the Cu(I) catalysed enantioselective cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. 相似文献