Diethyl 1-(p-fluoro­phenyl)-5-oxo-3-(2-thienyl)­pyrrolidine-2,2-di­carboxyl­ate

In the title compound, C₂₀H₂₀FNO₅S, the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation. The fluoro­phenyl and thio­phene rings are individually planar. The molecular and crystal structures are stabilized by intra- and intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions.     

Burst-mode EDFA based on a mid-position gain flattening filter with an overpumping configuration for variable traffic conditions in a WDM environment

The WDM flatness easily collapses due to substantial changes in input power, an inherent problem in optical packet communication because of dynamic changes in traffic density. We propose a burst-mode EDFA with a novel configuration based on the concept of a mid-position gain flattening filter (GFF) with overpumping. This configuration can effectively suppress gain transience while maintaining WDM flatness.     

Einen Abdampfapparat mit automatischem Gasschluss

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Optical behavior of antibiofouling additives in environment‐friendly coverglass materials for bio‐sensors and solar panels

Solar panels and bio‐optical sensors play a significant and growing role in a number of applications that are of importance to many organizations. Many of these instruments require a high transmission of radiation into the device for it to work properly. A major issue faced is that harsh marine environments often aid in the growth or development of fouling on the coverglass used to protect the instruments. Over a period of time in an ocean environment, some plant or animal may attach itself to the coverglass, ultimately obscuring the glass and rendering the instrument useless. As such, an antifouling mechanism is needed for these instruments that is inexpensive, long‐lasting, and environment friendly. The approach discussed herein involves the use of known antifouling chemicals which have been incorporated into the polymer matrix. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bisphenol A polycarbonate (Bis A PC), and a co‐polyterephthalate (CPTE) were examined. The plaques are optically transparent and previous work has shown that, for most samples, the materials display a minimal decrease in mechanical behavior upon the addition of the algaecides. This paper will discuss the effects on the materials' optical properties when exposed to both harsh marine conditions as well as high intensity UV light. Specifically, the decrease in transmission of visible light was examined over a 6 month period of time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Laminar compressible flow in a tube

A two-dimensional solution for the velocity and pressure distributions in steady, laminar, isothermal flow of an ideal gas in a long tube is obtained as a double perturbation expension in β, the radius to length ratio, and ε, the relative pressure drop. It is found that simple approximations estimate the exact flow rate-pressure drop relationship accurately.     

Charged spherically symmetric solution in Mikhail-Wanas field theory

A set of coupled differential equations obtained by Wanas in the Mikhail-Wanas generalized field theory is completely integrated.     

Reputation and efficiency: A non-parametric assessment of America’s top-rated MBA programs

Widely publicized reports of fresh MBAs getting multiple job offers with six-figure annual salaries leave a long-lasting general impression about the high quality of selected business schools. While such spectacular achievement in job placement rightly deserves recognition, one should not lose sight of the resources expended in order to accomplish this result. In this study, we employ a measure of Pareto-Koopmans global efficiency to evaluate the efficiency levels of the MBA programs in Business Week’s top-rated list. We compute input- and output-oriented radial and non-radial efficiency measures for comparison. Among three tier groups, the schools from a higher tier group on average are more efficient than those from lower tiers, although variations in efficiency levels do occur within the same tier, which exist over different measures of efficiency.     

Sensitivity Analysis of Dual-Window High Power SPST Switch at W-Band Frequencies

This paper discusses the sensitivity analysis of high power, high performance W-band dual-window SPST switch with respect to key design parameters viz. the window capacitance, window inductance and the spacing between the windows. The theoretical analysis presented in this work reveals that the Insertion Loss of the switch depends critically on the window capacitance and window spacing. The performance is not strongly affected over a fairly wide range of window inductance.