Strangeness changing baryon nonconservation in nonsupersymmetric theories

It is pointed out that a nonsupersymmetric standard SU(3)_c × SU(2)_L × U(1)_Y model including an SU(3)_H horizontal symmetry can explain strangeness nonconservation in proton decay. An operator analysis is carried out under very general assumptions, with certain Higgs fields present, to show that $\text{p}\text{→}\text{v}\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{,}\text{v}\text{K}{}^0\text{K}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$, etc., strangeness changing decay modes are allowed while $\text{p}\text{→}\text{e}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{π}{}^0\text{,}\text{v}\text{π}{}^{\mathrm{+}}$, etc., modes are suppressed to the lowest order in this model.     

Importance of π-bonding in the stabilisation of ternary complexes

Summary Stability constants (K _MAL ^MA ) together with other thermodynamic parameters measuring the stabilities and the contribution of astatistical factors governing the stability of ternary complexes, MAL [M=Co^II, Ni^II, Cu^II or Zn^II; A=2, 2-dipyridylamine (A³), 5-nitro-o-phenanthroline (A⁵), 5-methyl-o-phenanthroline (A⁶); LH=benzohydroxamic acid] have been determined at 25°CC, at ionic strength 0.1 M KNO₃. The results are compared with those for the complexes containing polyaminocarboxylic acids such as iminodiacetic acid (A¹) and other heteroaromaticN-bases such as 2, 2-bipyridine (A²),o-phenanthroline (A⁴) and the stability constants are found in the sequence K_{MA^4 L}^{MA^4 } > K_{MA^2 L}^{MA^3 } = ca.K_{MA^3 L}^{MA^3 } \gg K_{MA^1 L}^{MA^1 } .$$ " align="middle" border="0"> For all heteroaromaticN-bases, the sequence K_{ML_2 }^{ML} $$ " align="middle" border="0"> has been found. The sequences are explained in terms of electrostatic interaction, change of electrophilicity of the bound metal and the -acidic character of the primary ligand.     

Finite temperature corrections to fleid theory: Electron mass and magnetic moment,and vacuum energy

A finite temperature formalism which maintains Lorentz covariance is rederived and compared to other approaches. It is used to obtain the order-α temperature shifts in the electron mass and magnetic moment, vacuum energy. The mass and magnetic moment shifts, for kT ? m, are of order $\text{α(}\text{kT}\text{m}\text{)}{}^2$ and hence beyond the present experimental observation limits. An explicit form for the general temperature mass shift is obtained.     

On the theory of the Stern-Gerlach apparatus

We present, in various limits, analytical expressions for the center-of-mass wave function of a spin-1/2 atom as it is deflected by a Stern-Gerlach apparatus.Work Supported by the Office of Naval Research.     

Using PC clusters to evaluate the transferability of molecular mechanics force fields for proteins

The transferability of molecular mechanics parameters derived for small model systems to larger biopolymers such as proteins can be difficult to assess. Even for small peptides, molecular dynamics simulations are typically too short to sample structures significantly different than initial conformations, making comparison to experimental data questionable. We employed a PC cluster to generate large numbers of native and non-native conformations for peptides with experimentally measured structural data, one predominantly helical and the other forming a beta-hairpin. These atomic-detail sets do not suffer from slow convergence, and can be used to rapidly evaluate important force field properties. In this case a suspected bias toward alpha-helical conformations in the ff94 and ff99 force fields distributed with the AMBER package was verified. The sets provide critical feedback not only on force field transferability, but may also predict modifications for improvement. Such predictions were used to modify the ff99 parameter set, and the resulting force field was used to test stability and folding of model peptides. Structural behavior during molecular dynamics with the modified force field is found to be very similar to expectations, suggesting that these basis sets of conformations may themselves have significant transferability among force fields. We continue to improve and expand this data set and plan to make it publicly accessible. The calculations involved in this process are trivially parallel and can be performed using inexpensive personal computers with commodity components.     

Microporous niobium phosphates and catalytic properties prepared by a supramolecular templating mechanism

Microporous hexagonal niobium phosphate synthesized using neutral surfactants of molecular length, C6 to C10 hydrocarbons, by a supramolecular templating mechanism (S0I0) possesses strong hydrophilic character, which leads to high selectivity for catechol formation (95.3%) in the presence of protic solvent (MeOH) in the hydroxylation of phenol using aqueous H2O2.     

Fabrication of Ruthenium Nanoparticles in Porous Organic Polymers: Towards Advanced Heterogeneous Catalytic Nanoreactors

A novel strategy has been adopted for the construction of a copolymer of benzene–benzylamine‐1 (BBA‐1), which is a porous organic polymer (POP) with a high BET surface area, through Friedel–Crafts alkylation of benzylamine and benzene by using formaldehyde dimethyl acetal as a cross‐linker and anhydrous FeCl₃ as a promoter. Ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) were successfully distributed in the interior cavities of polymers through NaBH₄, ethylene glycol, and hydrothermal reduction routes, which delivered Ru‐A, Ru‐B, and Ru‐C materials, respectively, and avoided aggregation of metal NPs. Homogeneous dispersion, the nanoconfinement effect of the polymer, and the oxidation state of Ru NPs were verified by employing TEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy mapping, cross polarization magic‐angle spinning ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analytical tools. These three new Ru‐based POP materials exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of nitroarenes at RT (with a reaction time of only ≈30 min), with high conversion, selectivity, stability, and recyclability for several catalytic cycles, compared with other traditional materials, such as Ru@C, Ru@SiO₂, and Ru@TiO₂, but no clear agglomeration or loss of catalytic activity was observed. The high catalytic performance of the ruthenium‐based POP materials is due to the synergetic effect of nanoconfinement and electron donation offered by the 3D POP network. DFT calculations showed that hydrogenation of nitrobenzene over the Ru (0001) catalyst surface through a direct reaction pathway is more favorable than that through an indirect reaction pathway.     

Applications of Cannabis Sativa L. in Food and Its Therapeutic Potential: From a Prohibited Drug to a Nutritional Supplement

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a herbaceous anemophilous plant that belongs to the Cannabinaceae family. The cannabis seed (hemp) has long been utilized as a food source and is commercially important as an edible oil source. In this review, the positive and negative health effects of cannabis, the relationship between cannabis and various diseases, and the use of cannabis in various food products have been discussed. In addition, the scientific literature on the potential use of cannabis and its derivatives as a dietary supplement for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and chronic degenerative diseases in animals and humans has been reviewed. Cannabis is being developed as a key ingredient in a variety of food items, including bakery, confectionery, beverages, dairy, fruits, vegetables, and meat. Hemp seeds are high in readily digestible proteins, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), insoluble fiber, carbs, and favorable omega-6 PUFA acid to omega-3 PUFA ratio and have high nutritional value. The antioxidants of cannabis, such as polyphenols, help with anxiety, oxidative stress, and the risk of chronic illnesses, including cancer, neurological disorders, digestive problems, and skin diseases. Cannabis has been shown to have negative health impacts on the respiratory system, driving, and psychomotor functions, and the reproductive system. Overall, the purpose of this research is to stimulate more in-depth research on cannabis’s adaptation in various foods and for the treatment of chronic illnesses.     

Eight New Diterpenoids from Euphorbia decipiens

A reinvestigation of Euphorbia decipiens with a modified extraction procedure resulted in the isolation and structure elucidation of eight new myrsinane‐type diterpene esters (see 3 – 10 ). Moreover, revised structures are proposed for decipinone B ( 1 ) and C ( 2 ) on the basis of X‐ray‐diffraction analyses. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by means of different spectroscopic methods, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR studies.     

Chalcone Scaffolds Exhibiting Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibition: Mechanistic and Computational Investigations

This study was aimed to perform the mechanistic investigations of chalcone scaffold as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation tools. Basic chalcones (C1–C5) were synthesized and their in vitro AChE inhibition was tested. Binding interactions were studied using AutoDock and Surflex-Dock programs, whereas the molecular dynamics simulation studies were performed to check the stability of the ligand–protein complex. Good AChE inhibition (IC₅₀ = 22 ± 2.8 to 37.6 ± 0.75 μM) in correlation with the in silico results (binding energies = −8.55 to −8.14 Kcal/mol) were obtained. The mechanistic studies showed that all of the functionalities present in the chalcone scaffold were involved in binding with the amino acid residues at the binding site through hydrogen bonding, π–π, π–cation, π–sigma, and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular dynamics simulation studies showed the formation of stable complex between the AChE enzyme and C4 ligand.