全文获取类型
收费全文 | 429篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 219篇 |
晶体学 | 5篇 |
力学 | 19篇 |
数学 | 56篇 |
物理学 | 135篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 12篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 18篇 |
2007年 | 19篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 6篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 3篇 |
1969年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1956年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有434条查询结果,搜索用时 808 毫秒
31.
An integral approach to phase measurement is presented. First, the use of a high-resolution technique for the pixelwise detection of phase steps is proposed. Next, the robustness of the algorithm that is developed is improved by incorporation of a denoising procedure during spectral estimation. The pixelwise knowledge of phase steps is then applied to the Vandermonde system of equations for retrieval of phase values at each pixel point. Conceptually, our proposal involves the design of an annihilating filter that has zeros at the frequencies associated with the polynomial that describes the fringe intensity. The parametric estimation of this annihilating filter yields the desired spectral information embedded in the signal, which in our case represents the phase steps. The proposed method offers the advantage of extracting the interference phase of nonsinusoidal waveforms in the presence of miscalibration error of the piezoelectric transducer. In addition, in contrast to previously reported methods, this method does not require the application of selective phase steps between data frames for nonsinusoidal waveforms. 相似文献
32.
A maximum-likelihood (ML) method based on spectral estimation theory for the extraction of dual phase distributions in holographic moire in the presence of nonsinusoidal waveforms, noise, and the miscalibration of piezoelectric (PZT) devices is proposed. The extraction of these phases requires incorporating two PZTs into the moire setup. ML estimators are asymptotically efficient for sufficient data samples. The approach presented uses a direct stochastic algorithm called probabilistic global search Lausanne for minimizing the ML function. 相似文献
33.
Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) storage capacitors based on electron beam deposited Y2O3 extrinsic dielectric on Si show changes in capacitance density depending on the amorphous and crystalline phases. Bias stress
cycle-dependent changes in capacitance density occur due to the non-equilibrium nature of defect states at the Y2O3/Si interface after O2 annealing as a result of the emergence of a 4–8 nm thick SiO2 film at the interface. Leakage currents show instability under repeated dc bias stress, the nature and extent of which depend
upon the structure of the Y2O3 gate dielectric and the polarity of dc bias. With amorphous Y2O3, leakage currents drift to lower values under gate injection due to electron trapping, and to higher values under Si-injection
due to the generation of holes. Though leakage current drift is minimal for crystalline Y2O3, its magnitude increases as the energy of injected electrons from mid-gap states is low and the local field due to asperity
is high. The emergence of interfacial SiO2 reduces the magnitude of Si-injection leakage current substantially, but causes transient changes resulting in switching
to higher values at a threshold dc bias. Thermal detrapping of holes and reverse bias stress studies confirm that the instability
of current is caused by an increase in the cathodic field from hole trapping at interface states. Leakage current instability
limits the application of extrinsic high dielectric constant dielectrics in a high density DRAM storage capacitor, unless
a new interface layer scheme other than SiO2 and a method to form a defect-free dielectric layer can be implemented.
Received: 29 October 2001 / Accepted: 22 April 2002 / Published online: 4 December 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +1-413/545-4611, E-mail: rastogi@ecs.umass.edu 相似文献
34.
Propagation characteristics of a segmented cladding fiber 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We propose a novel optical fiber design that consists of a uniform core and a segmented cladding formed by alternate regions of high and low refractive indices in the azimuthal direction. The structure is analyzed by use of the radial effective-index method, and the propagation characteristics of the structure are studied. The fiber has a highly dispersive cladding and shows characteristics similar to those of photonic-crystal fibers and holey fibers. The novel fiber offers the possibility of single-mode operation over a wide range of wavelengths with a large core diameter. 相似文献
35.
36.
The number of distinguishable inherent structures of a liquid is the key component to understanding the thermodynamics of glass formers. In the case of hard potential systems such as hard discs, spheres and ellipsoids, an inherent structure corresponds to a collectively jammed configuration. This work develops a tiling based approach to counting inherent structures that constructs packings by combining sets of elementary locally jammed structures but eliminates those final packings that either, do not tile space, or are not collectively jammed, through the use of tile incompatibility rules. The resulting theory contains a number of geometric quantities, such as the number of growth sites on a tile and the number of tile compatibilities that provide insight into the number of inherent structures in certain limits. We also show that these geometric quantities become quite simple in a system of highly confined hard discs. 相似文献
37.
A. K. Tiwari A. K. Rastogi B. Bhat 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1986,7(6):833-844
The dispersion characteristics of a shielded suspended dielectric are computed using mode matching technique. From the dispersion characteristics the dielectric and conductor loss, quality factor and wave impedances are derived. The dimensions of shielded suspended dielectric are same as that of a rectangular metallic wave guide at Ka band. 相似文献
38.
Validation of Sun Exposure Reported Annually Against Interim Self‐report and Daily Sun Diaries 下载免费PDF全文
Laura King Fan Xiang Ashwin Swaminathan Keith Dear Simone L. Harrison Ingrid van der Mei Michael G. Kimlin Catherine D'Este Robyn M. Lucas 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2017,93(5):1294-1302
Data on personal sun exposure over a period exceeding the immediate past days or weeks are typically self‐reported in brief questionnaire items. The validity of such self‐reporting of longer term personal sun exposure, for example over a year, including detail on variation across seasons, has not previously been investigated. In a volunteer sample (n = 331) of Australian adults aged 18 years and over, we assessed the 12‐month reliability of sun exposure reported separately for each season, and its accuracy compared to a daily sun diary in the same season. Seasonal time outdoors displayed fair‐to‐good reliability between baseline and end of study (12 months), with responses showing higher agreement at lower levels of time outdoors. There was good agreement for ranking of individuals' time outdoors with the daily sun diary data, although the actual diary time outdoors was typically considerably lower than the self‐reported questionnaire data. Place of residence, education, being a smoker, day of the week (i.e. working day vs nonworking day) and working mainly outdoors were significant predictors of agreement. While participants overestimated their actual time outdoors, the self‐report questionnaire provided a valid ranking of long‐term sun exposure against others in the study that was reliable over time. 相似文献
39.
Pramod K. Rastogi 《Experimental Mechanics》1985,25(4):325-337
Comparative holographic interferometry addresses a key problem of nondestructive evaluation: comparison of the resistance
to strength in real time of two nominally identical specimens. After outlining the basis of comparative holography in flaw
detection, the present paper reports on some new and complementary developments in comparative holographic interferometry.
The proposed systems stand out by their ability to store the master displacement field in the interferometric setup. The integration
of the storage capacity in the instrument considerably augments its potential in nondestructive routine inspection tasks.
The visual display of the fringes contouring the difference in mechanical response is shown to improve considerably with the
addition of auxiliary phase difference satisfying certain conditions. Methods for the generation of corresponding fringes
are considered and their localization investigated in brief. Particular attention is devoted to the formation of the holographic
moiré fringes. The influence of system misalignment on the moiré fringe interpretation is examined. A potential application
of comparative holography to the quantitative evaluation of fatigue is described. Experimental evidence supporting the operational
feasibility of the technique along with the results obtained in application to flaw detection are finally presented. 相似文献
40.
T.S. TripathiG.C. Tewari A.K. Rastogi C.S. YadavP.L. Paulose 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2011,323(17):2300-2304
We present a detail study of the effect of excess metal atoms on the magnetic properties of Cu1+xCr2+yTe4 at 2-400 K. With the increase in x=0-1 and y<0.3, these compounds retain metallic behavior, while ferromagnetic ordering temperature reduces from 325 to 160 K. Our low field susceptibility χac measurements reveal a second transition on cooling below the ferromagnetic ordering; the transition at around 160-180 K intensifies with the excess amount of copper and chromium atoms. The value of spontaneous magnetization at 2 K remains between 2.6 and 2.9μB across all the compositions and it reduces with temperature as M(T)∼A0T3/2+A1T5/2, as expected for the excitation of Bloch's spin waves in a model of the Heisenberg ferromagnet. Our terminal composition Cu1.9Cr2.25Te4 showed only second transition at 160 K with short range magnetic order much above the transition temperature and in the absence of the specific heat jump at this temperature. The magnetic properties are explained as a result of random magnetic anisotropy in the excess-metal compositions induced by the interstitial atomic defects in their parent spinel structure. The large stuffing of cations has been made possible in the telluride compounds because of the large size of tellurium and also by the covalent bonding that stabilizes the defect structure. 相似文献