Availability analysis of crank-case manufacturing in a two-wheeler automobile industry

The paper describes the availability of crank-case manufacturing system in an automobile industry. The units discussed here fail either directly from normal working state or indirectly through partial failure state. The machines are subjected to both preventive and corrective maintenance. Failure and repair times of the units are independent. The problem is formulated using probability consideration and supplementary variable technique. The system of equations governing the working of system consists of ordinary as well as partial differential equations. Lagrange method and Runge–Kutta method is used to solve partial differential equation and ordinary differential equation respectively. The study reveals that successful program of preventive and routine maintenance will reduce equipment failures, extend the life of the equipment, and increase the system availability to considerable margin.     

A Generalization of Commutativity Degree of Finite Groups

The commutativity degree of a finite group is the probability that two arbitrarily chosen group elements commute. This notion has been generalized in a number of ways. The object of this article is to study yet another generalization of the same notion, which further extends some of the existing generalizations.     

PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS: NAPHTHALENE CATION

The photoacoustic (PA) spectrum of naphthalene cation in boric acid glass, in the region 250–400 nm is reported for the first tune and compared with its optical absorption spectrum. The energy levels for the ions are calculated using open shell Wasilewski method with limited configuration interaction and used to interpret the observed PA spectrum.     

A convenient one-pot synthesis of N-fused 1,2,4-triazoles via oxidative cyclization using chromium (VI) oxide

A facile one-pot synthesis of N-fused 1,2,4-triazoles from heterocyclic hydrazines and aldehydes is reported. The reaction is efficiently promoted by chromium (VI) oxide to afford the desired products mostly in high yields and in relatively short time. The high yield of the products and short reaction time are notable advantages of the developed protocol. This protocol is effective toward various substrates having different functionalities.     

A convenient one-pot synthesis of 3,5-diarylisoxazoles via oxidative cyclisation using catalytic CuBr2 and oxone

A facile one-pot synthesis of 3,5-diarylisoxazoles from α,β-unsaturated ketones and hydroxylamine hydrochloride is reported. The reaction is efficiently promoted by catalytic CuBr₂ and Oxone to afford the desired products mostly in high yields and in relatively short time. The mild nature of the synthesis and short reaction time are notable advantages of the developed protocol. This protocol is effective toward various substrates having different functionalities.     

Intracellular Delivery of Glucose Oxidase for Enhanced Cytotoxicity toward PSMA‐Expressing Prostate Cancer Cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) forming enzymes are of significant interest as anticancer agents due to their potent cytotoxicity. A key challenge in their clinical translation is attaining site‐specific delivery and minimizing biodistribution to healthy tissues. Here, complexes composed of the ROS enzyme glucose oxidase (GOX), poly‐l ‐lysine‐grafted‐polyethylene glycol (PLL‐g‐PEG), and anti‐prostate specific membrane antigen (anti‐PSMA) monoclonal antibody are synthesized for localized delivery and uptake in prostate cancer cells. Formation of anti‐PSMA‐PLL‐g‐PEG/GOX results in nanoscale complexes ≈30 nm in diameter with a ζ‐potential of 6 mV. The anti‐PSMA‐PLL‐g‐PEG/GOX complexes show significant cytotoxicity (≈60% reduction in cell viability) against PSMA‐expressing LNCaP cells compared to unmodified GOX. Importantly, cytotoxicity in LNCaP cells occurrs concurrently with anti‐PSMA‐PLL‐g‐PEG/GOX uptake and increases in intracellular generation of ROS. These results demonstrate that cytotoxicity of ROS inducing enzymes can be enhanced by intracellular delivery compared to equivalent concentrations of free enzyme, providing a novel means for cancer therapy.