Application of FTIR Spectroscopy for Identification of Blood and Leukemia Biomarkers: A Review over the Past 15 Years

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is an effective and nondestructive method for monitoring cellular alterations. Combining the advantages of FTIR spectroscopy with the challenge of cellular characterization, the main objective of this review is to collect information related to the spectroscopic identification of blood cells, focusing on specific biochemical features of leukemia cells detected through FTIR spectral analysis. Some interesting results obtained by different authors regarding human promyelocytic leukemia, white blood cells, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are presented. In addition, the characterization of two types of cells, namely, leukemia T and a healthy human blood cells, is reported and the identification of biochemical markers provides important information that, associated with clinical examination, can assist in the diagnosis of diseases.     

Room temperature magnetocaloric effect in Pr1.75Sr1.25Mn2O7 double-layered perovskite manganite system

Abstract

In this work, we have studied on double-layered perovskite (Ruddlesden–Popper) manganite structure in Pr_1.75Sr_1.25Mn₂O₇ synthesised by sol–gel method. The crystal structure of the double-layered perovskite is found as tetragonal from the X-ray diffraction analysis with I4/mmm space group. A high Curie temperature, T_C = 305 K is observed from the temperature dependence of magnetisation measurement. The isothermal magnetisation curves showed that magnetic phase transition is second order due to the positive slope of the Arrott plots. Maximum magnetic entropy change (ΔS_M) and adiabatic temperature change (ΔT_ad) values are calculated as 3.99 J kg^?1 K^?1 and 2.1 K under external magnetic field of 70 kOe, respectively. Since our double-layered perovskite manganite sample has desired T_C value and relatively high ΔS_M, it can be a potential candidate as a magnetocaloric material for room temperature magnetic cooling systems.     

Controle de l'enrichissement de l'uranium metallique a l'aide du nitrate de cellulose

Abstract

Le nitrate de cellulose permet d'enregistrer le passage de particules α done de mesurer l'activité spécifique d'une source radioactive épaisse. Nous utilisons cette propriété pour mesurer le taux d'eorichissement en uranium 235 d'un éhantillon d'uranium métallique. Afin de faciliter la mesure et de s'affranchir de la lecture du nombre de traces au microscope optique, les échantillons sont révélés dans un bain spécial et le nombre de traces α par unité de surface est évalué en fonction du pouvoir réflecteur de l'échantillon.

Les moyens et le temps nécessaires pour une mesure sont, ainsi que le prix de revient, très réduits.

Cellulose nitrate can be used for the registration of α-tracks and therefore for the measurement of the specific activity of thick radioactive sources. This characteristic is applied to the determination of ²³⁵U enrichment rate of metallic uranium samples. For the measurement of track density a method is developed which replaces the counting procedure under a microscope. The samples are etched in special solutions and track density is evaluated from the diffuse reflecting power of the samples.

The main advantages of this method are its rapidity, easiness and low cost.     

Charge-dependent three-nucleon potential

The charge-dependent three-nucleon potential due to simultaneous photon and pion exchange was derived. The intermediate state of the three-nucleon system was considered to consist of a Δ (1236) resonance. The contribution of this charge-dependent three-nucleon potential to the charge asymmetric energy of ³He−³H is then evaluated using a reasonable trial wave function for a three-nucleon bound system. This contribution turns out to be small but makes the charge asymmetric energy of ³He−³H slightly larger.     

57Fe Mössbauer investigation of the ternary hydride Pd3FeHx

Ordered alloys of Pd₃Fe are shown to readily absorbe hydrogen through electrolytic loading. The resultant ternary hydride phase is observed to retain the fcc structure of Pd₃Fe with approximately the same lattice constant. The ⁵⁷Fe hyperfine field determined by Mössbauer spectroscopy is found to be 30% smaller in the hydride compared to Pd₃Fe. The reduction appears to be associated with a perturbation of the Pd moment by hydrogen. The results suggest the occupation of one type of interstitial site in the structure. The absence of the site in disordered Pd₃Fe would explain the much smaller hydrogen capacity observed for this alloy.     

Homology of proof-nets

This work defines homology groups for proof-structures in multiplicative linear logic (see [Gir1], [Gir2], [Dan]). We will show that these groups characterize proof-nets among arbitrary proof-structures, thus obtaining a new correctness criterion and of course a new polynomial algorithm for testing correctness. This homology also bears information on sequentialization. An unexpected geometrical interpretation of the linear connectives is given in the last section. This paper exclusively focuses onabstract proof-structures, i.e. paired-graphs. The relation with actual proofs is investigated in [Gir1], [Gir2], [Dan], [Ret] and [Tro].     

Quantum Fourier Transform-Based Arithmetic Logic Unit on a Quantum Processor

This study proposes and construct a primitive quantum arithmetic logic unit (qALU) based on the quantum Fourier transform (QFT). The qALU is capable of performing arithmetic ADD (addition) and logic NAND gate operations. It designs a scalable quantum circuit and presents the circuits for driving ADD and NAND operations on two-input and four-input quantum channels, respectively. By comparing the required number of quantum gates for serial and parallel architectures in executing arithmetic addition, it evaluates the performance. It also execute the proposed quantum Fourier transform-based qALU design on real quantum processor hardware provided by IBM. The results demonstrate that the proposed circuit can perform arithmetic and logic operations with a high success rate. Furthermore, it discusses in detail the potential implementations of the qALU circuit in the field of computer science, highlighting the possibility of constructing a soft-core processor on a quantum processing unit.     

Travelling wave mathematical analysis and efficient numerical resolution for a one-dimensional model of solid propellant combustion

We investigate a model of solid propellant combustion involving surface pyrolysis coupled to finite activation energy gas-phase combustion. Existence and uniqueness of a travelling wave solution are established by extending dynamical system tools classically used for premixed flames, dealing with the additional difficulty arising from the surface regression and pyrolysis. An efficient shooting method allows to solve the problem in phase space without resorting to space discretisation nor fixed-point Newton iterations. The results are compared to solutions from a CFD code developed at ONERA, assessing the efficiency and potential of the method, and the impact of the modelling assumptions is evaluated through parametric studies.     

Exact partition functions and correlation functions of multiple Hamiltonian walks on the Manhattan lattice

This is a general and exact study of multiple Hamiltonian walks (HAW) filling the two-dimensional (2D) Manhattan lattice. We generalize the original exact solution for a single HAW by Kasteleyn to a system ofmultiple closed walks, aimed at modeling a polymer melt. In 2D, two basic nonequivalent topological situations are distinguished. (1) the Hamiltonian loops are allrooted andcontractible to a point:adjacent one to another, and, on a torus,homotopic to zero. (2) the loops can encircle one another and, on a torus, canwind around it. Forcase 1, the grand canonical partition function and multiple correlation functions are calculated exactly as those of multiple rooted spanningtrees or of a massive 2Dfree field, critical at zero mass (zero fugacity). The conformally invariant continuum limit on a Manhattantorus is studied in detail. The melt entropy is calculated exactly. We also consider the relevant effect of free boundary conditions. The number of single HAWs on Manhattan lattices with other perimeter shapes (rectangular, Kagomé, triangular, and arbitrary) is studied and related to the spectral theory of the Dirichlet Laplacian. This allows the calculation of exact shape-dependent configuration exponents y. An exact surface critical exponent is obtained. Forcase 2, nested and winding Hamiltonian circuits are allowed. An exact equivalence to thecritical Q-state Potts model exists, whereQ ^1/2 is the walk fugacity. The Hamiltonian system is then always critical (forQ<-4). The exact critical exponents, in infinite numbers, are universal and identical to those of theO(n=Q ^1/2) model in its low-temperature phase, i.e. are those of dense polymers. The exact critical partition functions on the torus are given from conformai invariance theory. These models 1 and 2 yield the two first exactly solved models of polymer melts.     

Polarized light and X-ray precession study of the ferroelastic domains of YBa2Cu3O7-δ

The ferroelastic domains of the orthorhombic phase of YBa₂Cu₃O_7- have been observed in polarized light on ceramics and single crystals. By combining polarized light microscopy with the X-ray precession technique, the correlation of the orientation of the orthorhombica- andb-axes with that of thea-b-plane bireflectance, reflection dichroism, transmission dichroism (at a thickness of about 1m), reflection tints generated with compensators and upon uncrossing of polars, as well as the orientation of etch pits has been realized on ferroelastic single domains, bi-domains and more complicated domain patterns. Four ferroelastic orthorhombic domain states have been identified, at variance with former group theoretical considerations, predicting only two states. Ensembles of lamellar domains beyond optical resolution generate strong bireflectance with principal axes rotated by 45° relative to the truea, b-directions.