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51.
The paper studies coordination of a supply chain when the inventory is managed by the vendor (VMI). We also provide a general mathematical framework that can be used to analyze contracts under both retailer managed inventory (RMI) and VMI. Using a simple newsvendor scenario with a single vendor and single retailer, we study five popular coordinating supply chain contracts: buyback, quantity flexibility, quantity discount, sales rebate, and revenue sharing contracts. We analyze the ability of these contracts to coordinate the supply chain under VMI when the vendor freely decides the quantity. We find that even though all of them coordinate under RMI, quantity flexibility and sales rebate contracts do not generally coordinate under VMI. Furthermore, buyback and revenue sharing contracts are equivalent. Hence, we propose two new contracts which coordinate under VMI (one of which coordinates under RMI too, provided a well-known assumption holds). Finally, we extend our analysis to consider multiple independent retailers with the vendor incurring linear or convex production cost, and show that our results are qualitatively unchanged. 相似文献
52.
Arvind Kumar Misra Rajanish Kumar Rai 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2019,42(4):1262-1282
TV and radio advertisements are widely acknowledged as important interventions in raising issues of public health care and play promising role to control the infection through propagating awareness among the individuals. In this paper, a nonlinear susceptible‐infected‐susceptible (SIS) model is proposed and analyzed to see the impacts of TV and radio advertisements on the spread of influenza epidemic. In the model formulation, it is assumed that the susceptible individuals contract infection through the direct contact with infected individuals. The information regarding the protection against the disease is propagated via TV and radio advertisements, and their growth rates are assumed to be proportional to the fraction of infected individuals. However, the growth rate of TV advertisements decreases with the increase in number of aware individuals. The information broadcasted through TV and radio advertisements induces behavioral changes among the susceptible individuals, and they form an isolated aware class. The epidemiological feasible equilibria, their stability properties, and direction of bifurcation are discussed. The expression for modified basic reproduction number is obtained. The model analysis shows that the dissemination rate of awareness among susceptible individuals due to TV and radio advertisements and baseline number of TV and radio advertisements have potential to reduce the epidemic peak and, thus, control the spread of infection. Further, the analytical findings are well supported through numerical simulation. 相似文献
53.
A minimal normal extension of unbounded subnormal operators is established and characterized and spectral inclusion theorem
is proved. An inverse Cayley transform is constructed to obtain a closed unbounded subnormal operator from a bounded one.
Two classes of unbounded subnormals viz analytic Toeplitz operators and Bergman operators are exhibited. 相似文献
54.
Secure optical system that uses fully phase-based encryption and lithium niobate crystal as phase contrast filter for decryption 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, the implementation of a secure optical system using fully phase encryption is described. A two-dimensional phase image obtained from an amplitude image is encrypted and decrypted by using a spatial light modulator working in phase mode. The fully phase encryption is achieved using double random phase encoding. The encrypted image is holographically recorded in a photorefractive crystal and is then decrypted by generating, through phase conjugation, the conjugate of the encrypted image. A lithium niobate crystal has been used as a phase contrast filter to change the decrypted phase image into an amplitude image, thus alleviating the need for alignment of the phase contrast set-up in the Fourier plane. Simulation results are provided to verify the proposed study. The mean square error between the primary image and decrypted image has been calculated to study the sensitivity of the system. 相似文献
55.
Polarographic techniques have been used to investigate the complexing behaviour of chromium (III)-ethylenediamine-tartrate in aqueous solution. These complexes are reduced irreversibly at the dropping mercury electrode. The stability constants have been calculated by the method of Sundaresan and Sundaram. The values of the kinetic parameters; standard rate constant (Ks), transfer coefficient (α) and activation energy (Q) have also been calculated in each case. 相似文献
56.
57.
58.
59.
Arvind Nautiyal K. C. Sekhar N. P. Pathak Navneet Dabra Jasbir S. Hundal R. Nath 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,99(4):941-946
The ferroelectric and switching properties of spray deposited cesium nitrate: poly (vinyl alcohol) composite films at different
substrate temperatures (T
s
) have been studied. The optimum value of remanent polarization was obtained in the film deposited at T
s
=200°C, which may be due to larger structural distortion (c/a ratio) and less porosity as revealed by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis.
The switching current transients have been analyzed by nucleation limited switching model (NLS) with the Lorentzian distribution
function. This model gives excellent agreement with the experimental polarization current throughout the whole time range.
The switching parameters were determined in the composite films deposited at different T
s
and found to be optimum at T
s
=200°C. The effect of pulse amplitude on the domain switching properties has also been studied and analyzed. The peak value
of polarization current exhibits an exponential dependence on the external applied field. 相似文献
60.
The X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) of the AuLIII edge in gold metal and in its two compounds AuCN and AuCl3 have been recorded. The observed chemical shifts of the edge and the fine structure peaks in the compounds are discussed.
It is observed that the energy shifts ΔE of the AuLIII due to chemical effects in aurous cyanide (AuCN) and auric chloride (AuCl3) with respect to the pure Au edge is 2.9 eV in AuCN and 0.7eV in AuCl3. The edge widths in AuCN and AuCl3 are found to be almost the same for both the compounds, presumably because electronegativities of CN and Cl are not very
different. The observed fine structure peaks of the discontinuities of AuCN and AuCl3 are displaced progressively away from the main edge. 相似文献