Screened self-energy correction to the 2<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis><Subscript>3/2</Subscript>-2<Emphasis Type="Italic">s</Emphasis> transition energy in Li-like ions

We present an ab initio calculation of the screened self-energy correction for 1s² 2p_3/2 and 1s² 2s states of Li-like ions with nuclear charge numbers in the range Z = 12?100. The evaluation is carried out to all orders in the nuclear strength parameter Zα. This investigation concludes our calculations of all two-electron QED corrections for the 2p_3/2-2s transition energy in Li-like ions and thus considerably improves theoretical predictions for this transition for high-Z ions.     

Multiphysical simulation analysis of the dislocation structure in germanium single crystals

To grow high-quality germanium crystals is one of the most important problems of growth industry. The dislocation density is an important parameter of the quality of single crystals. The dislocation densities in germanium crystals 100 mm in diameter, which have various shapes of the side surface and are grown by the Czochralski technique, are experimentally measured. The crystal growth is numerically simulated using heat-transfer and hydrodynamics models and the Alexander–Haasen dislocation model in terms of the CGSim software package. A comparison of the experimental and calculated dislocation densities shows that the dislocation model can be applied to study lattice defects in germanium crystals and to improve their quality.     

Exciton-plasmon interaction in a composite metal-insulator-semiconductor nanowire system

We report about the synthesis and optical properties of a composite metal-insulator-semiconductor nanowire system which consists of a wet-chemically grown silver wire core surrounded by a SiO2 shell of controlled thickness, followed by an outer shell of highly luminescent CdSe nanocrystals. With microphotoluminescence (micro-PL) experiments, we studied the exciton-plasmon interaction in individual nanowires and analyzed the spatially resolved nanocrystal emission for different nanowire length, SiO2-shell thickness, nanocrystal shape, pump power, and emission polarization. For an SiO2 spacer thickness of approximately 15 nm, we observed an efficient excitation of surface plasmons by excitonic emission of CdSe nanocrystals. For nanowire lengths up to approximately 10 microm, the composite metal-insulator-semiconductor nanowires ((Ag)SiO2)CdSe act as a waveguide for 1D-surface plasmons at optical frequencies with efficient photon outcoupling at the nanowire tips, which is promising for efficient exciton-plasmon-photon conversion and surface plasmon guiding on a submicron scale in the visible spectral range.     

Capture into resonance and escape from it in a forced nonlinear pendulum

We study the dynamics of a nonlinear pendulum under a periodic force with small amplitude and slowly decreasing frequency. It is well known that when the frequency of the external force passes through the value of the frequency of the unperturbed pendulum’s oscillations, the pendulum can be captured into resonance. The captured pendulum oscillates in such a way that the resonance is preserved, and the amplitude of the oscillations accordingly grows. We consider this problem in the frames of a standard Hamiltonian approach to resonant phenomena in slow-fast Hamiltonian systems developed earlier, and evaluate the probability of capture into resonance. If the system passes through resonance at small enough initial amplitudes of the pendulum, the capture occurs with necessity (so-called autoresonance). In general, the probability of capture varies between one and zero, depending on the initial amplitude. We demonstrate that a pendulum captured at small values of its amplitude escapes from resonance in the domain of oscillations close to the separatrix of the pendulum, and evaluate the amplitude of the oscillations at the escape.     

Exploring relativistic many-body recoil effects in highly charged ions

The relativistic recoil effect has been the object of experimental investigations using highly charged ions at the Heidelberg electron beam ion trap. Its scaling with the nuclear charge Z boosts its contribution to a measurable level in the magnetic-dipole (M1) transitions of B- and Be-like Ar ions. The isotope shifts of 36Ar versus 40Ar have been detected with sub-ppm accuracy, and the recoil effect contribution was extracted from the 1s(2)2s(2)2p 2P(1/2) - 2P(3/2) transition in Ar13+ and the 1s(2)2s2p 3P1-3P2 transition in Ar14+. The experimental isotope shifts of 0.00123(6) nm (Ar13+) and 0.00120(10) nm (Ar14+) are in agreement with our present predictions of 0.00123(5) nm (Ar13+) and 0.00122(5) nm (Ar14+) based on the total relativistic recoil operator, confirming that a thorough understanding of correlated relativistic electron dynamics is necessary even in a region of intermediate nuclear charges.     

Behavior of the Melt in the Vertical Bridgman Method with a Low Axial Temperature Gradient

The thermal conditions for the growth of Ge crystals with a diameter of 50 mm by the vertical Bridgman method in the case of low thermal-gravitational convection are studied using model experiments. Distilled water being hydrodynamically similar to the Ge melt is used as the model liquid. When modelling by means of the light cut method, it is established that mixture particles move along the heat flow direction from top to bottom. It is shown that an axial temperature gradient of 2 K/cm or more increases the contribution of thermal diffusion to mass transfer at a vertical flow rate of 0.09 mm/s or more. The numerical simulation of thermal convection in the Oberbeck–Boussinesq approximation confirms the absence of convection under the given thermal conditions. However, the deviation of the container axis from the vertical by 0.5° during the process of crystal growth contributes to the increase in the flow rates in the liquid phase up to 0.55 mm/s.     

Improvement of the basis for the solution of the Dirac equation in Cassini coordinates

We propose an improvement of the basis for the solution of the stationary two-centre Dirac equation in Cassini coordinates using the finite-basis-set method presented in our earlier article [J. Phys. B 43, 235207 (2010)]. For the calculations in the above article, we constructed the basis for approximating the energy eigenfunctions by using smooth piecewise defined polynomials, called B-splines. In the present article, we report that an analysis of the employed representation of the Dirac matrices shows that the above approximation is not efficient using B-splines only. Therefore, we include basis functions which are defined using functions with step-like behavior instead of B-splines. Thereby, we achieve a significant increase of accuracy of results.     

Optical transient bleaching/absorption of surface-oxidized CuInS2 nanocrystals

2 nanocrystals in a polymer film have been studied with the picosecond pump-probe technique. The oxidized CuInS₂ nanocrystals have an additional absorption band with a peak at 1.03 eV, which is bleached under picosecond excitation. Rapid (∼50 ps) trapping into midgap surface states results in long-lived (≫300 ps) bleaching and induced absorption features. A schematical energy-level diagram for oxidized CuInS₂ nanocrystals is given based on the experimental results. Received: 7 January 1997/Revised version: 16 April 1997     

A DFT variational approach to Hooke''s atom based on local-scaling transformations

The local-scaling transformation version of density functional theory, LS-DFT, is employed in order to construct energy functionals for Hooke's atom. The components of the energy are analyzed and the resulting exchange and correlation potentials are compared with the exact ones. In addition, the representation of the exact one-particle density in terms of the various components of the total energy density is discussed.     

Coupled-resonator optical waveguides doped with nanocrystals

Microsphere resonators doped with semiconductor nanocrystals are explored as building blocks for coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs). The evolution of individual cavity modes into coherently coupled waveguide modes is studied using polarization-sensitive microphotoluminescence spectroscopy. To demonstrate the formation of multisphere photon states, we use a bent linear array of microresonators and probe the properties of the cavity photon field by the spatially and spectrally resolved measurement of the nanocrystal emission. Photon mode coupling is evidenced by the observed mode splitting and emission intensity distributions along the CROW structure.