A review on recent advances in hierarchically porous metal and metal oxide nanostructures as electrode materials for supercapacitors and non-enzymatic glucose sensors

The remarkable significance of electrode materials in industrial processes, energy, sustainability and diabetes monitoring has captivated scientists to develop advance nanomaterials for the benefit of life across the globe. Here in, the recent developments in nanostructured porous metal and metal oxide composite materials for supercapacitor applications and non-enzymatic glucose sensors (NEGS) has been extensively discussed. The essential and active electrode materials from the research and application perspective has been emphasized in detail. We have also evaluated the worthiness, taxonomical classification, efficiency, specific capacitance and sensitivity of these materials for the aforementioned potential applications. Eventually, we concluded the review by providing the aspect ratio, surface morphology, particle size and specific surface area of these materials that plays an indispensable role for their promising potential applications.     

Electrochemical Biosensor Design with Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube to Display DNA-Schiff Base Interaction

This paper demonstrates a Schiff base i. e. 5-(diethylamino)-2-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol (5-DDMP) that was sensed by DNA biosensor. dsDNA was immobilized onto GCE modified with functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes to prepare a biosensor. The efficiency of dsDNA biosensor was determined and binding of 5-DDMP with dsDNA was searched by UV-vis spectrophotometry and differential pulse voltammetry. Molecular docking simulations between 5-DDMP and dsDNA were explored and as a result, a hydrogen bond and a π-π contact were observed between 5-DDMP and deoxyguanosine base (dG22) of the strand B, deoxyadenosine base (dA5) of the strand A, respectively. These studies could be useful for new anticancer drug design and development.     

Ferromagnetism and structural deformation in monolayer alpha lead oxide induced by N and F doping: New insights from first principles

We study the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of monolayer α-PbO_0.875A_0.125 (A = N, F), which are calculated using first principles. As a result, N doping induces local ferromagnetism centered at the N²⁻ site, originating from the spin-down N 2p valence states. On the other hand, F doping induces nonmagnetism and induces ab-plane deformation, where F⁻ receives one electron to its nearest-neighboring Pb^1.75+ ions. N doping redshifts the bandgap of the undoped system and transforms it to be indirect, while F doping blueshifts the bandgap through the Burstein-Moss effect. The hybridization of Pb 6p and O 2p orbitals is stronger near the A site than that of the crystal structure edge. Our result shows new insights, predicting possible experimental results for future functional device applications.     

Numerical investigation of flame propagation in pulse detonation engine with variation of obstacle clearance

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry - The objective of present research work is to investigate the combustion flame acceleration and performance of pulse detonation engine (PDE). The PDE...     

Hybrid thermal management of lithium-ion batteries using nanofluid,metal foam,and phase change material: an integrated numerical–experimental approach

Safety issues of Li-ion batteries imposed by unfavorable thermal behavior accentuate the need for efficient thermal management systems to prevent the runaway conditions. To that end, a hybrid thermal management system is designed and further investigated numerically and experimentally in the present study. The passive cooling system is fabricated by saturating copper foam with paraffin as the phase change material (PCM) and integrated with an active cooling system with alumina nanofluid as the coolant fluid. Results for various Reynolds numbers and different heating powers indicate that the hybrid nanofluid cooling system can successfully fulfill safe operation of the battery during stressful operating conditions. The maximum time in which all PCM field is changed to the liquid phase is defined as the onset of the stressful conditions. Therefore, the start time of stressful conditions at 41 W and Re 420 is increased from 3700 s with nanofluid composed of 1% volume fraction nanoparticles (VF-1%) to 4600 s with nanofluid VF-2% during high current discharge rates. Nanofluid cooling extends the operating time of the battery in comparison with the water-based cooling system with 200-s (nanofluid with volume fraction of 1%) and 900-s (nanofluid with volume fraction of 2%) increases in operating time at Reynolds of 420. Using nanofluid, instead of water, postpones the onset of paraffin phase transition effectively and prolongs its melting time which consequently leads to a decrease in the rate of temperature rise.

     

Chromophore and spectrum of the glycogen–iodine complex

The experimental UV-vis spectrum of the glycogen-iodine (GI) complex shows certain features remarkably similar to that of the amylopectin-iodine (API) complex [J. Polymer. Chem. 32, 2257 (1994)], suggesting a strong similarity between the API and the GI structures. As in the API complex, a nearly linear polyiodine unit, I₄, at an interiodine distance of around 3 Å is expected to exist within the helix of 11 anhydroglucose units (AGUs). There are several other spectral features that suggest the presence of another similar but more loosely bound iodine species with a longer interiodine distance of 3.1 Å. These findings suggest the involvement of two different types of glycogen chains in binding iodine molecules. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Nephroprotective Effects of Alhagi camelorum against Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Wistar Rats

Alhagi camelorum (AC) is an old plant with a significant therapeutic value throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The overuse of cisplatin (Cis > 50 mg/m²) is associated with observed nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, gastrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and allergic reactions. Remedial measures are needed for the protection of nephrotoxicity against cisplatin. Thus, we investigated the nephroprotective effects of AC plant extract to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in albino Wistar rats. The presence of polyphenols, phenolic compounds, tannins, and saponins was revealed during phytochemical investigation, and a significantly intense antioxidant activity was recorded. There were no toxicological symptoms in the treated rats, and no anatomical, physiological, or histological abnormalities were found compared to the control rats. The results of correcting cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity revealed that the extract has a significant ability to treat kidney damage, with most parameters returning to normal after only three weeks of therapy. It is concluded that co-administration of cisplatin with AC extract showed exceptional nephroprotective effects at a dose of 600 mg/kg for Cis-induced nephrotoxicity.     

Synthesis of quinine and quinidine using sulfur ylide-mediated asymmetric epoxidation as a key step

The epoxidation of meroquinene aldehyde with a chiral sulfur ylide as the key step in the synthesis of quinine and quinidine is described. The epoxidation reactions proceed under reagent control with high selectivity and good yield. The effect of sulfide and ylide substituents on the stereochemical outcome of the reaction is discussed.     

Fixed-Point Iterations for Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces

In this paper, we suggest and analyze a three-step iterative scheme for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. The new iterative scheme includes Ishikawa-type and Mann-type interations as special cases. The results obtained in this paper represent an extension as well as refinement of previous known results.