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101.
Dhayal V Chaudhary A Choudhary BL Nagar M Bohra R Mobin SM Mathur P 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2012,41(31):9439-9450
[Zr(OPr(i))(4)·Pr(i)OH] reacts with [HOSi(O(t)Bu)(3)] in anhydrous benzene in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios to afford alkoxy zirconosiloxane precursors of the types [Zr(OPr(i))(3){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}] (A) and [Zr(OPr(i))(2){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(2)] (B), respectively. Further reactions of A or B with glycols in 1:1 molar ratio afforded six chemically modified precursors of the types [Zr(OPr(i))(OGO){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}] (1A-3A) and [Zr(OGO){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(2)] (1B-3B), respectively [where G = (-CH(2)-)(2) (1A, 1B); (-CH(2)-)(3) (2A, 2B) and (-CH(2)CH(2)CH(CH(3)-)} (3A, 3B)]. The precursors A and B are viscous liquids, which solidify on ageing whereas the other products are all solids, soluble in common organic solvents. These were characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight measurements, FAB mass, FTIR, (1)H, (13)C and (29)Si-NMR studies. Cryoscopic molecular weight measurements of all the products, as well as the FAB mass studies of 3A and 3B, indicate their monomeric nature. However, FAB mass spectrum of the solidified B suggests that it exists in dimeric form. Single crystal structure analysis of [Zr{OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(4)(H(2)O)(2)]·2H(2)O (3b) (R(fac) = 11.9%) as well as that of corresponding better quality crystals of [Ti(O(t)Bu){OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)}(3)] (4) (R(fac) = 5.97%) indicate the presence of a M-O-Si bond. TG analyses of 3A, B, and 3B indicate the formation of zirconia-silica materials of the type ZrO(2)·SiO(2) from 3A and ZrO(2)·2SiO(2) from B or 3B at low decomposition temperatures (≤200 °C). The desired homogenous nano-sized zirconia-silica materials [ZrO(2)·nSiO(2)] have been obtained easily from the precursors A and B as well as from the glycol modified precursors 3A and 3B by hydrolytic sol-gel process in organic media without using any acid or base catalyst, and these were characterized by powder XRD patterns, SEM images, EDX analyses and IR spectroscopy. 相似文献
102.
R.H. Chilkulwar S.D. Sharma N. Chaudhary S. Acharya Y.S. Mayya K.C. Mittal L.M. Gantayet 《Radiation measurements》2012,47(8):628-633
The high dose rate electron beams are increasingly being used for radiation processing of various products worldwide. A comprehensive dosimetric evaluation of an in-house developed 10 MeV industrial electron beam irradiator was carried out in static as well as in dynamic mode of irradiations. Radiochromic B3 film and graphite calorimeter were used for dosimetric measurements. The dose rate from the electron beam was also calculated using the empirical relation prescribed in the ASTM report E2232-02. The measured electron beam profile indicates the dose rate variation within 8% in the irradiated product boxes. The most probable energy determined from the depth dose distribution in PMMA, Al and water was found in agreement with the intended energy of the electron beam. Measured dose rate using radiochromic film and graphite calorimeter were found in good agreement with each other and also found comparable with the theoretically estimated dose rates. Experimentally measured dose rates were considered for the trial irradiation of medical and industrial products. Dosimetric data obtained through this study confirms the suitability of the irradiator for routine radiation processing of various products. 相似文献
103.
We calculate the pair diffusion coefficient D(r) as a function of the distance r between two hard sphere particles in a dense monodisperse fluid. The distance-dependent pair diffusion coefficient describes the hydrodynamic interactions between particles in a fluid that are central to theories of polymer and colloid dynamics. We determine D(r) from the propagators (Green's functions) of particle pairs obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. At distances exceeding ~3 molecular diameters, the calculated pair diffusion coefficients are in excellent agreement with predictions from exact macroscopic hydrodynamic theory for large Brownian particles suspended in a solvent bath, as well as the Oseen approximation. However, the asymptotic 1/r distance dependence of D(r) associated with hydrodynamic effects emerges only after the pair distance dynamics has been followed for relatively long times, indicating non-negligible memory effects in the pair diffusion at short times. Deviations of the calculated D(r) from the hydrodynamic models at short distances r reflect the underlying many-body fluid structure, and are found to be correlated to differences in the local available volume. The procedure used here to determine the pair diffusion coefficients can also be used for single-particle diffusion in confinement with spherical symmetry. 相似文献
104.
V. K. Rastogi M. A. Palafox L. Mittal N. Peica W. Kiefer K. Lang S. P. Ojha 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2007,38(10):1227-1241
FTIR and FT‐Raman spectra of 5‐bromouracil in the powder form were recorded in the region 400–4000 cm−1 and 50–4000 cm−1, respectively. The observed wavenumbers were analysed and assigned to different normal modes of vibration of the molecule. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to support the assignments of the observed wavenumbers. The performance of the B3LYP hybrid density functional (DFT) method was compared with other methods. With the 6–31 G** and 6–311 + G(2d,p) basis sets, the calculated geometry, dipole moments and harmonic vibrations were determined. A comparison with the uracil molecule was made, and specific scale factors were deduced and employed in the predicted wavenumbers of 5‐bromouracil. The total atomic charges and thermodynamic parameters were calculated, and are discussed briefly. Structure and harmonic vibrations of 5‐bromouracil were also calculated in the presence of water within a simple model with one molecule. It is observed that the bromine atom at position 5 exhibits smaller inductive effects than the fluorine atom, producing a small distortion of the electrostatic potential around the ring and a reduction of the molecular dipole moment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
105.
Sonar N. L. Sen S. Thakur D. A. Mittal V. K. P.Valsala T. Sathe D. B. Bhatt R. B. 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2022,331(2):739-746
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Typical Radioactive liquid waste with high alkalinity, high concentration of solvent degradation products along with high 134+137Cs content was... 相似文献
106.
R. S. Karve A. K. Nayak S. K. Sarlar K. V. S. Rama Rao J. P. Mittal 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1989,49(6):571-576
Isotope separation of tritium by multiple photon dissociation process in multiple frequency fields of a TEA-CO2 laser is reported for the first time. A ten-fold improvement in the bulk selectivity was obtained in 8.5 Torr CTF3/CHF3 in the presence of buffer gas at room temperature using 9R(8) to 9R(14) CO2 laser lines compared to single frequency excitation. Investigations of various process parameters such as exciting laser frequencies, pulse energy, sample and buffer gas pressure indicate that this is a promising technique for the separation of tritium. 相似文献
107.
S. N. Bhadani Madhu Tiwari Archana Agrawal Chandra Sekhar Kavipurapu 《Mikrochimica acta》1994,117(1-2):15-22
A sensitive Spectrophotometric method for the determination of iron with tiron and a cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium chloride, at pH 5.6 is reported. The complex is extracted into a chloroform-propan-2-ol (41) mixture and shows maximum absorbance at 520 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the range 1–14 g/ml with an average molar absorptivity of 15800 l mol–1 cm–1. The molar ratio as determined by Job's method for Fe:tiron:CPC is 143. Interferences by various ions are examined. Zr, Ti and Mo interfere heavily. The method is applied for the determination of iron in Al-based and Cu-based alloys, using appropriate masking agents. 相似文献
108.
A. K. Nayak S. K. Sarkar R. S. Karve V. Parthasarathy K. V. S. Rama Rao J. P. Mittal S. L. N. G. Krishnamachari T. V. Venkitachalam 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1989,48(5):437-443
Infrared laser multiple photon excitation/dissociation of Thiophene (Th) was studied as a function of Th pressure, laser pulse energy, pulse duration and added buffer gas. While the excitation process was probed via optoacoustic technique, the stable reaction products were analyzed by IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Although C2H2 and CH3CCH were the major hydrocarbon products under all experimental conditions, the distribution of these, as well as higher hydrocarbons of lower yield, was found to be very much dependent upon the experimental conditions. The laser induced reaction under dielectric breakdown conditions with either high substrate pressure or laser energy produced significant amount of CS2 and unidentified polymer as well. We propose a mechanism involving breakage of the C–S bond in Th to form an unstable 1,5-diradical which further decomposed via different channels. However, at higher substrate pressures, radical-Th reactions complicated the overall chemistry of the system. Evidences for collisional energy-pooling and rotational hole-filling were also obtained. 相似文献
109.
110.
V. Parthasarathy S. K. Sarkar K. V. S. Rama Rao J. P. Mittal 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1986,39(3):187-190
Selective decomposition of CDF3 at natural abundance level (150ppm) in fluoroform has been achieved by infra-red multiple-photon excitation at moderate substrate pressure using 100 ns FWHM CO2 laser pulses. Effects of energy fluence, number of laser pulses, buffer gas pressure and substrate pressure on decomposition yield and bulk selectivity are reported and discussed. 相似文献