The use of DSC and FT-IR spectroscopy for evaluation of oxidative stability of interesterified fats

The aim of this paper was to assess the oxidative stability of structured lipids synthesized by enzymatic interesterification of a blend of lard and rapeseed oil with concentrates of n ? 3 fatty acids. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to evaluate the oxidation induction time of interesterified fats as a parameter assessing resistance of tested fats to their thermal-oxidative decomposition. Moreover, the IR spectra registered in the classic spectral range (4000–400 cm^?1) were used to differentiate the samples of interesterified fats. The results show that the interesterification process decreased the induction time. Increased content polar fraction in the interesterified fatty product can reduce its resistance to oxidation. FT-IR data of selected spectral ranges correlate with the value of induction time at a statistically significant level. This is a proof that chemical changes occurring during different treatments of the starting mixture can be monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy. Moreover, obtained correlations can be used for the evaluation of an induction value of an unknown oil sample.     

Projection Evolution of Quantum States—the Delayed Choice Puzzle

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - We discuss the problem of the time variable in the nearly standard formulation of the quantum mechanics. In order to be able to describe the outcome of some of the...     

Electrochemical Behavior of Cobaltocene in Ionic Liquids

The electrochemical behavior of cobaltocenium has been studied in a number of room temperature aprotic ionic liquids. Well defined, diffusion controlled, anodic and cathodic peaks were found for the Cc⁺/Cc (cobaltocenium/cobaltocene) reduction/oxidation on gold, platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. Values of the peak separation parameters suggest quasireversibility or even irreversibility for the redox process. The difference between the ferrocene/ferrocenium and cobaltocenium/cobaltocene couples has been evaluated as equal to (1.350 ± 0.020) V. Values of the cobaltocenium (Cc⁺) diffusion coefficients D have been calculated on the basis of the Randles–Sevcik equation.     

On symmetric stochastic games of resource extraction with weakly continuous transitions

We study stochastic games of resource extraction, in which the players have identical preferences. The transition probability is either non-atomic or a convex combination of transition probabilities depending on the investment with coefficients also dependent on the investment. Our approach covers the unbounded utility case, which was not examined in this class of games beforehand. We prove the existence of a stationary Markov perfect equilibrium in a non-randomised class of strategies.     

A constructive approach to examination timetabling based on adaptive decomposition and ordering

In this study, we investigate an adaptive decomposition and ordering strategy that automatically divides examinations into difficult and easy sets for constructing an examination timetable. The examinations in the difficult set are considered to be hard to place and hence are listed before the ones in the easy set in the construction process. Moreover, the examinations within each set are ordered using different strategies based on graph colouring heuristics. Initially, the examinations are placed into the easy set. During the construction process, examinations that cannot be scheduled are identified as the ones causing infeasibility and are moved forward in the difficult set to ensure earlier assignment in subsequent attempts. On the other hand, the examinations that can be scheduled remain in the easy set. Within the easy set, a new subset called the boundary set is introduced to accommodate shuffling strategies to change the given ordering of examinations. The proposed approach, which incorporates different ordering and shuffling strategies, is explored on the Carter benchmark problems. The empirical results show that the performance of our algorithm is broadly comparable to existing constructive approaches.     

Synthesis of N-(Dialkoxyphosphoroyl)-O-(p-nitro-phenylsulfonyl)-hydroxylamines - Potential Reagents for Electrophilic Amination

Synthesis of the title compounds by phosphorylation of O-trimethylsilylhydroxylamine followed by methanolysis and O-nosylation of the “in situ” formed N-phosphoroylhydroxylamines has been described.