Study of structural order in porphyrin-fullerene dyad ZnDHD6ee monolayers by electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy

The structure of porphyrin-fullerene dyad ZnDHD6ee monolayers formed on the surface of aqueous subphase in a Langmuir trough and transferred onto solid substrates has been studied. The data obtained are interpreted using simulation of the structure of isolated molecules and their packing in monolayer and modeling of diffraction patterns from molecular aggregates having different sizes and degrees of order. Experiments on the formation of condensed ZnDHD6ee monolayers are described. The structure of these monolayers on a water surface is analyzed using π-A isotherms. The structure of the monolayers transferred onto solid substrates is investigated by electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy. The unit-cell parameters of two-dimensional domains, which are characteristic of molecular packing in monolayers and deposited films, are determined. Domains are found to be organized into a texture (the molecular axes are oriented by the [001] direction perpendicular to the substrate). The monolayers contain a limited number of small 3D domains.     

Proton dynamics in hydrogen-bonded systems

The proton mean kinetic energy Ke(H) in various systems was calculated between 5 and 320 K using a semi-empirical (SE) approach. The SE calculation relies on the harmonic approximation and decoupling between the various modes, where the input data of the internal and external frequencies were taken from inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and IR/Raman experiments. The studied systems included ordinary H₂O phases, water of crystallisation in sulphate salts, adsorbed water and water confined in various samples of pore dimensions less than 20 Å. These included some zeolites, periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs), beryl, Bikitaite and single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. All SE calculated Ke(H) values were close to that of pure ice/liquid water, for which a good agreement was found with the deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS) measurements. However, for water in Beryl at 5 K and ice in carbon nanotubes, at 170 K, large deviations from DINS results were found. Some insight into this problem may be gained by comparing those deviations with recently studied anharmonic systems involving proton double well potentials: Rb₃H(SO₄)₂ and KH₂PO₄, where an excellent agreement was obtained between SE calculations and DINS measurements.     

Recent Applications of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry in Herbal Medicine Analysis

Abstract

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a fast and nondestructive analytical method. Associated with chemometrics, it is a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. It is becoming a suitable technique for analysis of herbal medicine. This review focuses on the recent developments and updates for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of herbal medicine using FTIR. Moreover, it can be implemented during herbal drug development, in production for process monitoring, or in quality control laboratories.     

Chapter 5 Dark Matter and New Physics Beyond the Standard Model with LHAASO

In order to reveal the nature of dark matter,it is crucial to detect its non-gravitational interactions with the standard model particles.The traditional dark m...     

L 1-Convergence for Weighted Sums of Some Dependent Random Variables

In this article, the authors discuss the L ₁-convergence for weighted sums of some dependent random variables under the condition of h-integrability with respect to an array of weights. The dependence structure of the random variables includes pairwise lower case negative dependence and conditions on the mixing coefficient, the maximal correlation coefficient, or the ρ*-mixing coefficient. They prove that all the weighted sums have similar limiting behaviour.     

A Note on Complete Convergence for Arrays of Rowwise Independent Banach Space Valued Random Elements

We obtain complete convergence results for arrays of rowwise independent Banach space valued random elements. Compared with similar results presented in the probabilistic literature our conditions are weaker.     

A Helly-Type Theorem for Semi-monotone Sets and Monotone Maps

We consider sets and maps defined over an o-minimal structure over the reals, such as real semi-algebraic or globally subanalytic sets. A monotone map is a multi-dimensional generalization of a usual univariate monotone continuous function on an open interval, while the closure of the graph of a monotone map is a generalization of a compact convex set. In a particular case of an identically constant function, such a graph is called a semi-monotone set. Graphs of monotone maps are, generally, non-convex, and their intersections, unlike intersections of convex sets, can be topologically complicated. In particular, such an intersection is not necessarily the graph of a monotone map. Nevertheless, we prove a Helly-type theorem, which says that for a finite family of subsets of $\mathbb{R }^n$ , if all intersections of subfamilies, with cardinalities at most $n+1$ , are non-empty and graphs of monotone maps, then the intersection of the whole family is non-empty and the graph of a monotone map.     

Mixed A p -A r Inequalities for Classical Singular Integrals and Littlewood–Paley Operators

We prove mixed A _p -A _r inequalities for several basic singular integrals, Littlewood–Paley operators, and the vector-valued maximal function. Our key point is that r can be taken arbitrarily big. Hence, such inequalities are close in spirit to those obtained recently in the works by T. Hytönen and C. Pérez, and M. Lacey. On one hand, the “A _p -A _∞” constant in these works involves two independent suprema. On the other hand, the “A _p -A _r ” constant in our estimates involves a joint supremum, but of a bigger expression. We show in simple examples that both such constants are incomparable. This leads to a natural conjecture that the estimates of both types can be further improved.     

Innovation and learning performance implications of free revealing and knowledge brokering in competing communities: insights from the Netflix Prize challenge

Firms increasingly use open competitions to extend their innovation process and access new diverse knowledge. The Netflix Prize case we study in this paper is a multi-stage repeat-submission open competition involving the creation of new knowledge from across knowledge domains, a process which benefits from knowledge sharing across competing communities. The extant literature says little about the effects of different types and levels of knowledge sharing behavior on the learning and innovation outcomes of such a competitive system, or what the performance boundaries may be for the system as a result of such differences. Our research explores those boundaries unveiling important tradeoffs involving free revealing behavior—defined as voluntarily giving away codified knowledge and making it into a ‘public good’—and knowledge brokering behavior—defined as using knowledge from one domain to innovate in another—on the learning performance of competing communities. The results, analyzing the system-level average and volatility of learning outcomes, lead to three conclusions: (i) greater knowledge sharing, as portrayed by greater free revealing and knowledge brokering, helps achieve better average learning for the system as a whole, however, (ii) achieving the best overall outcome possible from the system actually requires controlling the amount of knowledge brokering activity in the system. The results further suggest that (iii) it should not be possible to simultaneously achieve both the best overall outcome from the system and the best average learning for the system. The tradeoffs that ensue from these findings have important implications for innovation policy and management. This research contributes to practice by showing how it is possible to achieve different learning performance outcomes by managing the types and levels of knowledge sharing in open competitive systems.