Electroinjection analysis. The introduction of a new variant of flow-injection analysis and comparison with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis

A new method of mixing sample and reagent due to the difference in their electrophoretic mobilities is introduced. Unlike electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis, sample and reagent are injected from the opposite ends of a capillary tube. This method is compared with electrophoretically-mediated microanalysis. Experiments are performed showing the possibilities of this new method.     

Waveguide propagation of intense electromagnetic radiation in slightly inhomogeneous nonlinear media

The propagation of self-localizing beams of electromagnetic waves in the form of nonlinear waveguides in a slightly inhomogeneous medium is studied analytically and numerically. The trajectories of the axial ray are studied as a function of its direction and the field strength at the initial point on the basis of a nonlinear scalar Helmholtz equation. Analytic expressions are derived. The longitudinal refractive index, the field intensity, and the waveguide radius are plotted as functions of the instantaneous position of the point on the axial ray. Deep penetration of the beam into the opaque region and the position of the screening surface are studied as functions of the parameters of the beam and the medium. A steady-state 3D problem is analyzed for a power-law nonlinearity with an arbitrary power. A 2D problem is analyzed for the case of a ponderomotive nonlinearity with saturation.     

Influence of the adsorption potential on the composition of formaldehyde chemisorption products on platinum

The influence of the adsorption potential on the composition of formaldehyde chemisorption products on platinum has been investigated by the radioactive tracer method in conjunction with electrochemical methods. It is shown that in the potential range 0.0–0.3 V the main adsorption product of formaldehyde is a particle of composition COH, and at the potential 0.4 V a particle of composition CO. It has been found that at E<0.3 V adsorbed CO particles are reduced to COH particles. The electrochemical properties of these particles have been studied.     

Environmetric modeling of emission sources for dry and wet precipitation from an urban area

Monitoring data from chemical analysis of rainwater and aerosol samples collected in an urban area have been interpreted by the use of environmetric approaches. An attempt was done to compare the data set structures of both type of precipitation and to estimate the contribution of different anthropogenic and naturally occurring emission sources to the total mass of the wet and dry precipitation. It was found that three latent factors explaining over 80% of the total variance of the set are responsible for the rainwater set structure-'sea spray', 'soil dust', and 'anthropogenic'. Only two were the latent factors explaining the dominant part of the variance in the case of aerosol samples-'anthropogenic' and 'natural'. It is shown that the anthropogenic influence for aerosol samples is more complex that that of rainwater samples and represents interaction between typical anthropogenic sources and natural emitters. Additionally, a source apportioning using multiple regression on absolute principal component scores is performed in order to obtain qualitative information about the impact of the different identified emission sources on the urban environment.     

Raising the conductivity of crystalline polymer electrolytes by aliovalent doping

Polymer electrolytes, salts dissolved in solid polymers, hold the key to realizing all solid-state devices such as rechargeable lithium batteries, electrochromic displays, or SMART windows. For 25 years conductivity was believed to be confined to amorphous polymer electrolytes, all crystalline polymer electrolytes were thought to be insulators. However, recent results have demonstrated conductivity in crystalline polymer electrolytes, although the levels at room temperature are too low for application. Here we show, for the first time, that it is possible to raise significantly the level of ionic conductivity by aliovalent doping. The conductivity may be raised by 1.5 orders of magnitude if the SbF6- ion in the crystalline conductor poly(ethylene oxide)6:LiSbF6 is replaced by less than 5 mol % SiF6(2-), thus introducing additional, mobile, Li+ ions into the structure to maintain electroneutrality.     

Oxidation of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene with an Ozone-Oxygen Mixture

Oxidation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid with an ozone-oxygen mixture in glacial acetic acid was studied.     

Molecular and Electronic Structure of Trimethylsilylpropiolamides

The specific features of molecular and electronic structure of trimethylsilylpropiolic acid amides were studied by means of IR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry (AM1). The competition between p,-conjugation in the amide fragment and ,-conjugation in the ethynylcarbonyl group CC-C=O was established. The prevailing conformers were revealed, their geometrical parameters were established, the barriers to internal rotation around the amide C-N bond were calculated for acyclic (13 kcal mol^-1) and heterocyclic (8.12 kcal mol^-1) amides.     

Interaction of oxygen with complex of cobalt (II)-bisalicylal-o-phenylendiamine with pyridine fixed on the surface of silica

A complex of Co(II)-bisalicylal-o-phenylendiamine with pyridine fixed on the surface of aerosil was synthesized. Mono- and bi-pyridine complexes of Co(II)-bisalicylal-o-phenylendiamine are formed depending on the concentration of the bonded pyridine. The interaction of this complex with oxygen was studied by means of reflection spectroscopy in the UV and visible ranges, and by EPR-spectroscopy. Superoxo- and peroxodicobalt complexes with oxygen were identified.     

Lewis Acid Effects in Mesitylene Amination in the System NaN3MHlgnHCl

Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry -     

Influence of low-intensity electromagnetic field on autooscillations of concentration in belousov-zhabotinskii reaction

A study has been made of the influence of an electromagnetic field (EMGF) with a frequency in the 40–60 GHz range and intensity up to 4–8 mW on autowaves of concentration in the reaction of sodium bromate (0.3 M), malonic acid (0.2 M), sulfuric acid (0.45 M), and Ferroin (0.003 M). It has been found that the action of the EMGF leads to decreases in the wavelength by amounts up to 26%. The experimentally measured temperature gradient created by the EMGF in a thin layer of the reaction mixture is no greater than 0.4°K. The value calculated for the solution temperature rise that is required to create the experimentally observed decrease in wavelength is 5–6° K. It is concluded, therefore, that the observed effect cannot be explained solely by thermal action of the EMGF through heating the reaction mixture.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 704–709, November–December, 1989.