全文获取类型
收费全文 | 161073篇 |
免费 | 1860篇 |
国内免费 | 403篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 90225篇 |
晶体学 | 2467篇 |
力学 | 6303篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
数学 | 15784篇 |
物理学 | 48554篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1158篇 |
2020年 | 1405篇 |
2019年 | 1481篇 |
2018年 | 1826篇 |
2017年 | 1872篇 |
2016年 | 3009篇 |
2015年 | 2041篇 |
2014年 | 2873篇 |
2013年 | 7017篇 |
2012年 | 5970篇 |
2011年 | 6987篇 |
2010年 | 4812篇 |
2009年 | 4680篇 |
2008年 | 6679篇 |
2007年 | 6432篇 |
2006年 | 6267篇 |
2005年 | 5765篇 |
2004年 | 5126篇 |
2003年 | 4675篇 |
2002年 | 4512篇 |
2001年 | 5735篇 |
2000年 | 4153篇 |
1999年 | 3200篇 |
1998年 | 2205篇 |
1997年 | 2304篇 |
1996年 | 2190篇 |
1995年 | 2000篇 |
1994年 | 1977篇 |
1993年 | 1814篇 |
1992年 | 2288篇 |
1991年 | 2360篇 |
1990年 | 2196篇 |
1989年 | 2147篇 |
1988年 | 2122篇 |
1987年 | 2134篇 |
1986年 | 1971篇 |
1985年 | 2463篇 |
1984年 | 2472篇 |
1983年 | 1955篇 |
1982年 | 1980篇 |
1981年 | 1822篇 |
1980年 | 1808篇 |
1979年 | 2080篇 |
1978年 | 2159篇 |
1977年 | 2098篇 |
1976年 | 2027篇 |
1975年 | 1906篇 |
1974年 | 1876篇 |
1973年 | 1905篇 |
1972年 | 1248篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
V. T. Bublik S. Yu. Matsnev K. D. Shcherbachev M. V. Mezhennyi M. G. Mil’vidskii V. Ya. Reznik 《Physics of the Solid State》2003,45(10):1918-1925
Diffuse x-ray scattering (DXS) is used to study the formation of microdefects (MDs) in heat-treated dislocation-free large-diameter silicon wafers with vacancies. The DXS method is shown to be efficient for investigating MDs in silicon single crystals. Specific defects, such as impurity clouds, are found to form in the silicon wafers during low-temperature annealing at 450°C. These defects are oxygen-rich regions in the solid solution with diffuse coherent interfaces. In the following stages of decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution, oxide precipitates form inside these regions and the impurity clouds disappear. As a result of the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution of oxygen, interstitial MDs form in the silicon wafers during multistep heat treatment. These MDs lie in the {110} planes and have nonspherical displacement fields. The volume density and size of MDs forming in the silicon wafers at various stages of the decomposition are determined. 相似文献
142.
Scott T. Knauert Jack F. Douglas Francis W. Starr 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(14):1882-1897
Nanoparticles can influence the properties of polymer materials by a variety of mechanisms. With fullerene, carbon nanotube, and clay or graphene sheet nanocomposites in mind, we investigate how particle shape influences the melt shear viscosity η and the tensile strength τ, which we determine via molecular dynamics simulations. Our simulations of compact (icosahedral), tube or rod‐like, and sheet‐like model nanoparticles, all at a volume fraction ? ≈ 0.05, indicate an order of magnitude increase in the viscosity η relative to the pure melt. This finding evidently can not be explained by continuum hydrodynamics and we provide evidence that the η increase in our model nanocomposites has its origin in chain bridging between the nanoparticles. We find that this increase is the largest for the rod‐like nanoparticles and least for the sheet‐like nanoparticles. Curiously, the enhancements of η and τ exhibit opposite trends with increasing chain length N and with particle shape anisotropy. Evidently, the concept of bridging chains alone cannot account for the increase in τ and we suggest that the deformability or flexibility of the sheet nanoparticles contributes to nanocomposite strength and toughness by reducing the relative value of the Poisson ratio of the composite. The molecular dynamics simulations in the present work focus on the reference case where the modification of the melt structure associated with glass‐formation and entanglement interactions should not be an issue. Since many applications require good particle dispersion, we also focus on the case where the polymer‐particle interactions favor nanoparticle dispersion. Our simulations point to a substantial contribution of nanoparticle shape to both mechanical and processing properties of polymer nanocomposites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1882–1897, 2007 相似文献
143.
T. Ramanathan S. Stankovich D. A. Dikin H. Liu H. Shen S. T. Nguyen L. C. Brinson 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(15):2097-2112
Mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of graphite/PMMA composites have been evaluated as functions of particle size and dispersion of the graphitic nanofiller components via the use of three different graphitic nanofillers: “as received graphite” (ARG), “expanded graphite,” (EG) and “graphite nanoplatelets” (GNPs) EG, a graphitic materials with much lower density than ARG, was prepared from ARG flakes via an acid intercalation and thermal expansion. Subsequent sonication of EG in a liquid yielded GNPs as thin stacks of graphitic platelets with thicknesses of ~10 nm. Solution‐based processing was used to prepare PMMA composites with these three fillers. Dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal analysis, and electrical impedance measurements were carried out on the resulting composites, demonstrating that reduced particle size, high surface area, and increased surface roughness can significantly alter the graphite/polymer interface and enhance the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of the polymer matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2097–2112, 2007 相似文献
144.
Preparation and mechanical properties of layers made of recombinant spider silk proteins and silk from silk worm 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
F. Junghans M. Morawietz U. Conrad T. Scheibel A. Heilmann U. Spohn 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,82(2):253-260
Layers of recombinant spider silks and native silks from silk worms were prepared by spin-coating and casting of various solutions.
FT-IR spectra were recorded to investigate the influence of the different mechanical stress occurring during the preparation
of the silk layers. The solubility of the recombinant spider silk proteins SO1-ELP, C16, AQ24NR3, and of the silk fibroin
from Bombyx mori were investigated in hexafluorisopropanol, ionic liquids and concentrated salt solutions. The morphology and thickness of
the layers were determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) or with a profilometer. The mechanical behaviour was investigated
by acoustic impedance analysis by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCMB) as well as by microindentation.
The density of silk layers (d<300 nm) was determined based on AFM and QCMB measurements. At silk layers thicker than 300 nm
significant changes of the half-band-half width can be correlated with increasing energy dissipation. Microhardness measurements
demonstrate that recombinant spider silk and sericine-free Bombyx mori silk layers achieve higher elastic penetration modules EEP and Martens hardness values HM than those of polyethylenterephthalate (PET) and polyetherimide (PEI) foils. 相似文献
145.
146.
I. A. Begishev R. A. Ganeev V. V. Gorbushin A. A. Gulamov Sh. R. Kamalov T. Usmanov 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》1989,51(5):1218-1221
Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 51, No. 5, pp. 867–870, November, 1989. 相似文献
147.
148.
The partition coefficient of strontium upon its extraction from the aqueous solutions of picric acid into chloroform containing DC-18-crown-6, B-15-crown-5 after their exposition to gamma radiation has been studied. A significant decrease of the partition coefficient in the studied range of doses 10–70 kGy was observed. This effect can be attributed to the radiolytic products of chloroform. The radiation destruction as well as dehydrogenation of crown ethers were not observed. 相似文献
149.
T. C. Devore 《Journal of Molecular Structure》1987,162(3-4):287-304
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to investigate the IR spectra of the XNCO (X = Cl, Br, I, CN), the XSCN (X = Cl, Br, I) and the NCNCS vapor molecules from 4800 to 400 cm−1. Vibrational frequencies have been determined for each normal mode of vibration in each molecule in this region. 相似文献
150.
M. Köhl A. Öttl S. Ritter T. Donner T. Bourdel T. Esslinger 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2007,86(3):391-393
We report an experimental investigation of two-particle correlations between neutral atoms in a Hanbury Brown and Twiss experiment.
Both an atom laser beam and a pseudo-thermal atomic beam are extracted from a Bose–Einstein condensate and the atom flux is
measured with a single atom counter. We determine the conditional and the unconditional detection probabilities for the atoms
in the beam and find good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
PACS 03.75.Pp; 05.30.Jp; 07.77.Gx; 42.50.Pq 相似文献